**5. Conclusions**

In conclusion, the present results suggest that the positive effects of neurological music therapy on executive function recovery in TBI are underpinned by structural white matter reorganization within the structural executive function network. Clinically, together with our previous results [26,27,66], this evidence suggests that music therapy is a feasible tool to induce structural white matter neuroplasticity in the post-TBI brain that underpin improved executive function.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, S.-T.S., S.L., J.P., S.K. and T.S.; Data curation, S.-T.S., N.M.-M. and L.K.; Formal analysis, A.J.S.; Funding acquisition, T.S.; Investigation, S.-T.S., N.M.-M., S.L., M.H., M.A. and L.K.; Methodology, A.J.S., S.-T.S., S.L., L.K. and J.P.; Project administration, S.-T.S. and T.S.; Resources, S.L. and T.S.; Software, A.J.S. and N.M.-M.; Supervision, N.M.-M., S.K. and T.S.; Visualization, A.J.S.; Writing—original draft, A.J.S. and T.S.; Writing—review & editing, A.J.S., S.-T.S., N.M.-M., S.L., M.H., M.A., L.K., J.P., S.K. and T.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** Financial support was provided by the Academy of Finland, (grants 277693, 299044, 306625), European Research Council (grant 803466), University of Helsinki (grant 313/51/2013), Social Insurance Institution of Finland (grant no. 18/26/2013), Yrjö Johansson Foundation (grant no. 6464), Finnish Association of People with Physical Disabilities and Helsinki Uusimaa Hospital district (grants 461/13/01/00/2015, 154/13/01/2016), Finnish Cultural Foundation (grant 191230), Orion Research Foundation sr, Maire Taponen Foundation and Signe, and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Coordinating Ethics Committee of the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa (reference number 338/13/03/00/2012).

**Informed Consent Statement:** Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

**Data Availability Statement:** Anonymized data reported in this manuscript are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request and subject to approval by the appropriate regulatory committees and officials. No custom codes were used in any of the analyses.

**Acknowledgments:** Open access funding provided by University of Helsinki. We would like to thank the multi-disciplinary team of experts who helped in the planning and implementation of the study: music therapists Päivi Jordan-Kilkki and Esa Ala-Ruona, Mari Tervaniemi, neurologists Anne Vehmas and Susanna Melkas, research nurse Veera Lotvonen, neuropsychologists Jaana Sarajuuri and Titta Ilvonen and the sfaff of Validia Rehabilitation Helsinki. Above all, we want to thank the patients with TBI and their family members who participated in the study.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
