*Article* **Sentinel-1 Polarimetry to Map Apple Orchard Damage after a Storm**

**Samuele De Petris 1, Filippo Sarvia 1, Michele Gullino 2, Eufemia Tarantino <sup>3</sup> and Enrico Borgogno-Mondino 1,\***


**Abstract:** Climate change increases extreme whether events such as floods, hailstorms, or storms, which can affect agriculture, causing damages and economic loss within the agro-food sector. Optical remote sensing data have been successfully used in damage detections. Cloud conditions limit their potential, especially while monitoring floods or storms that are usually related to cloudy situations. Conversely, data from the Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR) are operational in allweather conditions and are sensitive to the geometrical properties of crops. Apple orchards play a key role in the Italian agriculture sector, presenting a cultivation system that is very sensitive to high-wind events. In this work, the H-α-A polarimetric decomposition technique was adopted to map damaged apple orchards with reference to a stormy event that had occurred in the study area (NW Italy) on 12 August 2020. The results showed that damaged orchards have higher H (entropy) and α (alpha angle) values compared with undamaged ones taken as reference (Mann–Whitney one-tailed test U = 14,514, *p* < 0.001; U = 16604, *p* < 0.001 for H and α, respectively). By contrast, A (anisotropy) values were significantly lower for damaged orchards (Mann–Whitney one-tailed test U = 8616, *p* < 0.001). Based on this evidence, the authors generated a map of potentially storm-damaged orchards, assigning a probability value to each of them. This map is intended to support local funding restoration policies by insurance companies and local administrations.

**Keywords:** Sentinel-1; apple orchard damage; polarimetric decomposition; entropy; anisotropy; alpha angle; storm damage mapping; economic loss; insurance support
