4.3.1. Instaurations (KMnO<sup>4</sup> Test)

An amount of 2 mg of the extracts was dissolved in 2 mL of water, acetone, or methanol, and three drops of 2% KMnO<sup>4</sup> in water were added. The test was considered positive when discoloration or formation of a brown precipitate was observed, a result of the formation of MnO2.

### 4.3.2. Carbonyl Group (2-4 Dinitrophenylhydrazine Test)

A 5 mg sample of the extracts was dissolved in 2 mL of ethanol, and 1 mL of a saturated solution of 2-4 dinitrophenylhydrazine in 6N HCl was added. The formation of a yellow or orange precipitate indicated the presence of the carbonyl group.
