4.3.9. Saponins NaHCO<sup>3</sup> Test

The aqueous solution of 10% NaHCO<sup>3</sup> was prepared, and then 2 mg of the extracts were dissolved in 2 mL of water or ethanol, and three drops of concentrated H2SO<sup>4</sup> were added. It was stirred slightly, and three drops of the NaHCO<sup>3</sup> solution were added. The appearance of bubbles and their permanence for more than 1 min indicated the presence of saponins.

### Salkowski Test for Saponins

An amount of mg of the extract were dissolved in 2 mL of chloroform and 2 mL of H2SO<sup>4</sup> was added thereto. The test was considered positive by the appearance of red color.
