4.3.7. Flavonoids (H2SO<sup>4</sup> Test)

An amount of 2 mg of the extract was dissolved in 2 mL of H2SO4, and a positive result was indicated by yellow coloration for flavonoids, orange-cherry for flavones, red-bluish for chalcones, and red-purple for quinones.

### 4.3.8. Alkaloids (Dragendorff Test)

The Munier and Macheboeuf modification [48] was used to determine the presence of alkaloids. An amount of 2 mf of the extract were dissolved in 2 mL of ethanol, and three drops of Dragendorff reagent were added. To prepare the reagent, two solutions were used: Solution A, which contained 0.85 g of Bi(NO3)3, which were mixed with 10 mL of CH3COOH and 40 mL of water, and Solution B, which contained 8 g of KI dissolved in 20 mL of water. The reagent was prepared by mixing 5 mL of A, 4 mL of B, and 100 mL of water; the test was considered positive if a persistent red-orange coloration was present for 24 h.
