3.1.4. Azaphilones from *Monascus* Genus

*Monascus pilosus* BCRC 38072, a citrinin-free strain, was able to produce several azaphilone pigments including three new *Monascus* red pigments without citrinin presence: monapilonitrile A (**51**), monapilosine (**52**), and *N*-ethanolic monapilosine (**53**) [49] (Figure 5). Metabolites (**52**) and (**53**) are nitrogenated azaphilones lacking or bearing the N-hydroxyethyl group, respectively.

**Figure 5.** Chemical structures of *Monascus* and *Muyocopron* azaphilones: **51**: monapilonitrile; **52**: monapilosine; **53**: N-ethanolic monapilosine; and *Muyocopron* azaphilones: **54–55**: muyocoprones A and B; **56**: lijiquinone 1 [50,51].
