3.1.3. Static Blood Clotting

In SA + VUV, the weights of the blood clot formed around the implant fixture, which were measured at 5 min, 7.5 min, 10 min, and 12.5 min after immersing the implant fixture in the blood, were 0.04 ± 0.01 g, 0.09 ± 0.03 g, 0.23 ± 0.06 g, and 0.39 ± 0.16 g, respectively. In SA + VUV + BS, the weights were 0.07 ± 0.03 g, 0.12 ± 0.02 g, 0.39 ± 0.20 g, and 0.61 ± 0.18 g, respectively, and no statistically significant differences were measured between SA + VUV and SA + VUV + BS at any time (*p* > 0.05).

## 3.1.4. Dynamic Blood Clotting

The times for complete hemostasis were 19.0 ± 0.4 min and 8.1 ± 1.2 min in SA + VUV and SA + VUV + BS, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference between SA + VUV and SA + VUV + BS (*p* < 0.01, Figure 5a). In addition, the volumes of the blood collected in the underlying tube were 8.27 ± 0.36 mL and 3.64 ± 0.99 mL in SA + VUV and SA + VUV + BS, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (*p* < 0.01, Figure 5b) evident between SA + VUV and SA + VUV + BS.

**Figure 5.** In vitro test of dynamic blood clotting: (**a**) time (min) until complete hemostasis; (**b**) volume (mL) of the blood collected in the underlying tube. SA + VUV, an SA surface with vacuum-UV treatment; SA + VUV + BS, an SA surface coated with a pH-buffering agent after vacuum-UV treatment. Mean ± SD, \*\* *p* < 0.01 by Kruskal–Wallis test.
