*2.5. Live*/*Dead Staining Assay*

GDSCs were seeded at a density of 1.0 <sup>×</sup> 104 cells/well on 24-well plates (SPL Life Sciences) with a growth medium. After 24 h of culture, each individual disk was stored in an insert with a 0.4 μm pore size (SPLInsert; SPL Life Sciences) and the insert was stored over the GDSCs. GDSCs with various calcium silicate cement disks were incubated for 5 days, with changing the growth medium every 2 days. Cells were double-stained with a LIVE/DEAD™ Cell Imaging Kit (488/570; Molecular Probes, Life Technologies, CA, USA) on days 3 and 5, and the stained cells were evaluated under an inverted microscope (Axiovert 200; Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Jena, Germany). Qualitative analyses of cell viability were performed with digital image processing software (ZEN 2012, AxioVision; Carl Zeiss Microscopy).
