*3.1. Clinical Evaluation*

All five patients responded identical. None of them displayed postoperative infections, neither after the MSFE procedure nor after the placement of dental implants. During the insertion of the dental implants, it was observed that the graft material was well vascularized. Although there was a clear demarcation between the grafted area and the original bone of the alveolar process, there was continuity between the graft and the original bone. Although bone substitute particles could still be recognized in the retrieved tissue specimen, the drill remained stable during implant bed preparation. Clinically, all particles appeared to be well integrated in newly formed tissue. All dental implants osseointegrated well and could be loaded with fixed prostheses three months after implant surgery. There was no loss of dental implants during the 5-year follow-up.
