3.1.1. Static Surface Wettability

The lengths of time before the blood reached the top of the implant fixture were 43.3 ± 8.3 min and 3.8 ± 0.3 min in SA + VUV and SA + VUV + BS, respectively, and a statistically significant difference (*p* < 0.05) between the two was evident (Figure 4a).

**Figure 4.** In vitro test of static and dynamic surface wettability: (**a**) time (min) to reach the top of the implant fixture; (**b**) time (min) to reach 2 mm and 4 mm above the horizontal plate, respectively. SA + VUV, an SA surface with vacuum-UV treatment; SA + VUV + BS, an SA surface coated with a pH-buffering agent after vacuum-UV treatment. Mean ± SD, \* *p* < 0.05 by Kruskal–Wallis test.
