4.1.2. Non-Carcinogenic Risk Assessment

The Hazard Index (HI) was used to measure non-carcinogenic health risk as the sum of the hazard quotients (HQs) from both oral intake and dermal contact of several parameters including F−, NH<sup>4</sup> + , NO<sup>2</sup> −, NO<sup>3</sup> <sup>−</sup>, Cr6+, Mn, As, Fe (including Fe2+, Fe3+), and others, as shown in Tables 3 and 4 [43]. From 2017 to 2018, a total of 17 sampling points for adults and 67 for children had an HI index value higher than 1, with the latter far exceeding the number of the former.




**Table 3.** *Cont.*

**Table 4.** Non-carcinogenic risk assessment for children.



**Table 4.** *Cont.*
