**5. Conclusions**

Overweight and obesity prevalence in the Polish Armed Forces is similar to that in other armies of developed countries and in the general population of Poland. Analyses of the results of the National Health Programme implemented in 2018–2020 clearly indicate that the level of existing efforts to prevent overweight and obesity among professional

soldiers in Poland is insufficient. The results show that factors such as family history of obesity, dietary habits, physical activity, length of sleep and ability to cope with stress could be used to identify soldiers at higher risk of developing obesity in order to provide them with personalized prevention programs. Therefore, therapeutic interventions to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Polish soldiers should include self-monitoring of body weight especially after the age of 40, nutritional education, physical activity at least three days a week and psychological support for individuals who eat when experiencing negative emotions.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, A.G., P.J. and M.T.; methodology, A.G., P.J. and M.T.; software, A.G., P.J. and M.T.; validation, A.G. and P.J.; formal analysis, A.G. and P.J.; investigation, A.G., P.J., Ł.D. and S.G; resources, A.G.; writing—original draft preparation, A.G., P.J., M.T., Ł.D. and S.G.; writing—review and editing, A.G., P.J., M.T., Ł.D. and S.G.; supervision, A.G. and Ł.D.; project administration, A.G. and M.T.; funding acquisition, A.G. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research was funded by the Ministry of National Defence of the Republic of Poland, gran<sup>t</sup> number 256/2017/DA, dated 5 July 2017.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Military Institute of Aviation Medicine (decision number 01/2018).

**Informed Consent Statement:** Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study.

**Data Availability Statement:** Data sharing is not applicable to this article.

**Acknowledgments:** We would like to thank our colleagues Magdalena Krzyzanowska and Patrycja ˙ Urba ´nska who entered the survey data into the database. We would also like to acknowledge the respondents, who willingly completed this extensive survey.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
