Pre-Processing

This work involved the development of a mosaic since the extent of the study area exceeded the scope of a remote sensing image [36]. However, a mosaic refers to the assembly of parts of images or contiguous images, preprocessed to be connectable geometrically and radiometrically [37,38]. Thus, the Landsat images used in this study were georeferenced in the UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator)/Zone 18 N, covering the study area, following the WGS 84 (World Geodesic System) reference ellipsoid. The 1986, 1988/1999, and 2010 images were geometrically corrected using 70 ground control points on the 2021 image, which was obtained as a reference. To ensure the efficiency of the change analysis, the geometric accuracy of the registration between the control points and the different Landsat images used was less than one pixel [39].
