Connected Regulators: number of connected regulators.

NFAT and CERK are master regulators that were identified in female SPTB placentas (Table 8). Nuclear factors of activated T cells (NFAT) is a family of transcription factors that activate cytokine production and also positively regulate placental FLT-1 and sFlt-1 e15a, the secretion of sFlt-1, and the inflammatory cytokine expression [89]. NFAT is thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. In addition, NFAT may act as a regulator for the parturition and induction of labor [90]. NFAT was predicted as an activated master regulator and interacted with 23 upstream regulators to regulate the gene expression. Ceramide kinase (CERK) converts ceramide to ceramide-1-phosphate. CERK was predicted as an inhibited master regulator in female SPTB placentas and interacting with 13 upstream regulators to regulate the gene expression.


**Table 8.** Top master regulators altered in female SPTB placentas.
