*4.5. Statistical Analysis*

All data are represented as mean ± standard error (SE). For comparison of data between multiple groups, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Dunnett's test was used. For comparison between two groups, Mann–Whitney U-test was used as appropriate. Fisher's exact test was used for small sample sizes. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS Version 23 statistical software, and significance was accepted at *p* < 0.05.

**Author Contributions:** A.R. and C.E. conceived and designed the study; A.M.N., L.M. and P.M. performed the experiments; A.R. and A.M.N. analyzed the data and performed statistical analysis; T.T. selected and recruited patients population for PDMSCs isolation; A.R., A.M.N. and C.E. wrote and edited the article; L.M., P.M. and T.T. reviewed the article. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** A.R. was supported by Carlo Denegri Foundation. Corion Biotech S.R.L. (Turin, Italy) funded the study.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Placental collection and PDMSCs isolation was approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee of O.I.R.M. S. Anna Hospital and "Ordine Mauriziano di Torino" (n.209; protocol 39226/C.27.104/08/09) (Turin, Italy). All animal experiments were performed in accordance with the European Community Council Directive of 24 November 1986 86/609/EEC and 6106/10/EU and approved by the University of Turin Ethical Committee for animal research and by the Italian Ministry of Health (License No. 180/2006-B).

**Informed Consent Statement:** Written Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

**Data Availability Statement:** The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation.

**Acknowledgments:** We thank Rossella Barrile (University of Turin, Italy) for her support in animal model establishment.

**Conflicts of Interest:** A.R. and T.T. are co-founders and shareholders of Corion Biotech S.R.L. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

## **References**

