*2.1. STZ Induced Severe Diabetes in Rats*

Maternal glucose concentration was markedly increased in the rats injected with streptozotocin (STZ). All the rats developed severe diabetes according to their blood glucose levels (greater than 300 mg/dl) in the STZ-induced diabetes (STZ-D) group (Figure 1A), and the maternal rats showed classical features of type 1 diabetes, such as polyphagia, polyuria, and polydipsia (data not shown). In addition, maternal diabetes resulted in adverse placental and fetal outcomes, as shown in Figure 1B.
