*4.3. RNA Analysis*

RNA isolation from tissue and cells was carried out using TRIzolTM reagent (Invitrogen, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA; #15596026). RNA was precipitated using isopropanol and pelleted by centrifugation. After washing with ethanol (75%), pellet was resuspended in diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC)-treated water. Using NanoDrop 1000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), concentration and purity of obtained RNA was measured. DNase digestion (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA; #EN0525) and cDNA synthesis (RevertAid Premium, Fermentas, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA; #EP0441) were carried out on 1 µg RNA. Quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) was performed using SYBR Green Master Mix (Fermentas, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA; #4309155) and ViiA7 (AppliedBiosystems, Life Technologies, Foster City, CA, USA). Primer sequences are listed in Supplementary Materials Table S3. Target gene expression was normalized to the housekeeping reference gene *Gapdh*, reactions were performed in triplicate, and *p*-values were calculated using unpaired t-test.
