*2.3. Gait Cycle*

Computational simulation is carried out with physiological loading by adopting normal walking conditions that is the most common activity carried out by patients who have performed total hip replacement surgery. However, in our present computational simulation, we only consider gait loading in the form of resultant force and ignore the range of motion effect for model simplification as conducted by Basri et al. [14]. This was done to focus the present study on the effect of resultant force under normal walking conditions against Tresca stress. The normal walking condition with one full cycle simplified into 32 phases has been adopted from the previous study by Jamari et al. [3] shown in Figure 2. In one loading cycle consisting of the 'stance phase' which is the first 19 phases and continued with the 'swing phase' to completion, the resultant force is highest in the seventh phase of 2326 N that has 2.5–3 times the average human body weight in general. Then, the lowest phase occurs in the 30th phase.

**Figure 2.** Gair loading based on normal walking condition [3].
