**4. Conclusions**

The evaluation of Tresca stress on metal-on-metal bearings with different metal materials using a 2D axisymmetric finite element prediction model has been successfully presented in our paper. The highest maximum Tresca stress is obtained in the seventh phase, where the resultant force is highest when conditions are normal walking. The distribution of the Tresca stress contour also widens along with the higher Tresca stress values experienced. The Tresca stress values also correlate with failure probability based on the Tresca failure theory, where we found Ti6Al4V-on-Ti6Al4V bearings to be the most superior among other metal-on-metal bearing options for reducing Tresca stresses.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, M.I.A.; methodology, M.I.A.; software, M.I.A.; validation, M.I.A. and I.A.; formal analysis, M.I.A.; investigation, M.I.A. and I.A.; resources, J.J.; data curation, M.I.A., I.Y.A. and M.I.M.; writing—original draft preparation, M.I.A.; writing—review and editing, T.I.W., M.T., E.v.d.H. and J.J.; visualization, M.I.A.; supervision, T.I.W., M.T., H.B., E.v.d.H. and J.J.; project administration, I.Y.A. and M.I.M.; funding acquisition, H.B. and J.J. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** The research was funded by World Class Research UNDIP number 118-23/UN7.6.1/PP/2021 and DIPA of Public Service Agency of Sriwijaya University 2021 SP DIPA-023.17.2.677515/2021. M.I.A. thanks Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology (Kemendikbudristek) and Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education (LPDP) for domestic master degree of Indonesian education scholarships (BPI) under number 1059/J5/KM.01.00/2021.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.

**Acknowledgments:** We gratefully thank Diponegoro University, Sriwijaya University, and University of Twente as the author's institutions for their strong support in our conducted research.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
