4.2.3. Effect of TDM

Table 7 shows the ablation study results on the task decoupling module (TDM). In this experiment, we compare the detection results in the network with and without the alignment module, respectively. The two networks used in the experiment are completely

consistent, except for the task decoupling module. One network contains the task decoupling module, while the other does not. Both networks contain BAFPN and AGFAN. As can be seen from Table 7, the network with the alignment module has a higher detection accuracy. This is because the alignment module adjusts the sampling points of the network according to the rotated anchor. This enables the network to extract features according to the guidance of the anchor and reduces the dislocation caused by the use of rotating anchors. The '✔' Table 7 means with TDM, and the '**- -**' means without TDM.



4.2.4. Effect of Balanced L1 Loss

Table 8 shows the ablation study results on balanced L1 loss. In this experiment, we test the smooth L1 used by most networks [25,28,29] as the control. In this ablation experiment, the networks used in the two experiments are exactly same, that is, BAFPN and decoupling module are used. The only difference is that one network uses balance L1 loss as the regression loss, and the other uses smooth L1 loss as the regression loss.

**Table 8.** Different types of regression loss.

