**4. Conclusions**

Important nutrients, such as phospholipids, proteins, essential amino acids (leucine, threonine, valine, lysine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, histidine, and methionine), DHA, and minerals (e.g., P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Cu), were found in the pig brain. The pig brain in this experiment also included a significant amount of UAA, which can be employed to improve the sensory qualities of pig brain-based products. As a result, the pig brain could be used as a source of nutrients in food preparations. On the other hand, the pig brain exhibited high quantities of SFA and cholesterol, which should be taken into account. To properly investigate the usage of pig brain for human nutrition, such components may need to be removed. To achieve the zero-waste goal, the cholesterol and SFA fractions, on the other hand, may be used in cosmetics in the future. Using the optimal refining

approach, the nutritious protein with techno-functionality from pig brain may be isolated, along with the lipid separation for food sustainability.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, J.C., W.P., L.-Z.C. and M.C.; methodology, J.C., W.P., A.P., L.-Z.C. and M.C.; software, J.C. and N.P.; validation, W.P. and M.C.; investigation, J.C.; resources, W.P., A.P. and M.C.; data curation, J.C. and N.P.; writing—original draft preparation, J.C., W.P. and M.C.; writing—review and editing, J.C., W.P., L.-Z.C. and M.C.; supervision, M.C. and W.P.; funding acquisition, M.C. and W.P. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research was supported by National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) under the Research and Researchers for Industries (RRI) program, Thailand [grant number PHD61I0056].

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** Not applicable.

**Acknowledgments:** We would like to thank Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence, Walailak University, for facility support.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
