*2.11. Emulsion Stability*

The emulsion was prepared by mixing the pomace (0.16 g) with sodium phosphate (0.02 M) and citric acid (0.1 M) buffer pH 4, 6, 8 or distilled water (8 g), then the sunflower oil was added (8 g) and emulsified using a rotor–stator homogenizer (IKA® T-25 digital, Ultra-Turrax, Staufen, Germany) for 5 min at 10,000 rpm. The emulsions were transferred into graduated tubes and stored for 3 weeks at 4 ◦C. The emulsion stability was recorded in terms of phase separation and expressed by the following equation:

$$\text{Emulision stability} = (\text{VE/VT}) \times 100\tag{6}$$

where VE is the volume of emulsion; VT is the total volume.

To evaluate the thermal stability of emulsions, the tubes were heated in an 80 ◦C water bath for 30 min. Then, the tubes were cooled to room temperature and stored for 3 weeks at 4 ◦C. The thermal stability of the emulsion was recorded and expressed as previously described.
