*2.4. Rheological Properties*

The flow behavior and thixotropic and dynamic rheological properties of gum solutions were determined using a temperature-controlled rheometer (MCR 302, Anton Paar, Graz, Austria). All rheological measurements were carried out at 25 ◦C.

### *2.5. Flow Behavior Rheological Properties*

The flow behavior characteristics of the gum solutions were determined in the range of 0–100 shear rate (1/s) using a parallel plate configuration and a 0.5-mm gap between the rheometer probe and the sample plate. Apparent viscosity values corresponding to shear stress and shear rate were recorded. The flow behavior rheological properties were modeled using the Herchel–Bulkley model by nonlinear regression.

$$
\pi = \mathcal{K}(\gamma)^n \tag{1}
$$

In Equation (1), *τ* is the shear stress (Pa), *K* is the consistency coefficient (Pa·<sup>s</sup>n), *γ* is the shear rate (s−1), and *n* is the flow behavior index (dimensionless).
