*3.1. Chemical Composition*

The chemical composition of the cranberry pomace is shown in Table 1. The major component of the pomace is carbohydrates, in which dietary fibers represent 72.67 g/100 g

of dry weight (IDF—59.93 g/100 g and SDF—12.74 g/100 g). The dietary fibers obtained from the various berries mainly include: lignin, pectin, cellulose, and hemicellulose [1]. Islam et al. [6] reported a similar amount of SDF (11–12.3 g/100 g) in cranberry pomace, while the protein content was reported as lower (5.75 g/100 g). White et al. [20] reported a similar carbohydrate content in cranberry pomace, but a lower SDF and protein content and a higher IDF and fat content. The chemical composition of the cranberry pomaces varies and is influenced by several conditions, such as the cultivar, ripeness, or processing conditions.

**Table 1.** Chemical composition of cranberry pomace.


a Expressed as g/100 g of dry weight; b Carbohydrate content was determined by subtracting the value of protein, ash, and lipid content from 100% of dry weight. Data values are expressed as means with the standard deviation (*n* = 3).

### *3.2. Yield of Water-Soluble Fraction*

The enzymatic hydrolysis of the cranberry pomace was performed using four different commercial enzymes. The different times for hydrolysis and different concentrations of enzymes were evaluated (rationale). The yield of the water-soluble fraction obtained after enzymatic hydrolysis is presented in Table 2. As could be expected, the enzymatic hydrolysis increased the water-soluble material content in all of the samples. The extraction yield depended on the composition and concentration of enzymes, and the duration of the hydrolysis. The highest yield of the water-soluble fraction was obtained using Viscozyme® L and Pectinex® Ultra Tropical enzymes. Compared with the yield of the control sample after 1 h of incubation, the lowest increase in the water-soluble fraction was observed with Celluclast® 1.5L (increased by 19.68%), while the highest increase was in the sample hydrolyzed with Pectinex® Ultra Tropical (increased by 93.34%). Previous studies have reported that enzymatic treatment increases the water-soluble fraction yield [10]. Yoon et al. [21] reported an increase in the alcohol-insoluble dietary fiber by prolonging the time of enzyme hydrolysis, while the alcohol-soluble dietary fiber yield did not change significantly after 24 h of enzymatic hydrolysis. However, increasing the enzyme level can reduce hydrolysis time (Table 2). In most cases, there were no significant differences (*p* < 0.05) between the yields of water-soluble fraction obtained using the same enzyme by increasing the enzyme level and decreasing enzymatic hydrolysis time.

**Table 2.** Water-soluble fraction yield and saccharide composition of cranberry pomace after enzymatic hydrolysis.



**Table 2.** *Cont.*

E/S—enzyme/substrate (pomace) ratio. - without enzyme (control samples). Data values are expressed as means with the standard deviation (*n* = 3). Values in one column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (*p* < 0.05).
