**5. Conclusions**

We believe that the high variability highlighted in our study about the floral scent emitted within the same population or individual, and the lack of evidence of correlations between flora scents and environmental features (both geographical and ecological) has to be interpreted as an effective strategy carried out by *Barlia robertiana* to not allow the learning by pollinators, associating floral signals such as scent with a lack of nectar. Similar strategies have been highlighted for other rewardless orchids, such as *Ophrys sphegodes* Mill. [36]. However, further in-depth studies are needed to investigate several aspects that could not be addressed here. As recently pointed out [35], to investigate specific intra-species variations of floral scent, exploring the less investigated factors that could explain floral scent variations and their mechanisms is a promising research field in light of the evolutionary ecology to which more attention should be given in the future.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, V.A.R. and L.R.; methodology, L.R., V.A.R. and M.D.; formal analysis, L.R., A.M.R.C., R.R. and M.D.; investigation, V.A.R.; data curation, V.A.R. and M.D.; writing—original draft preparation, L.R., S.F., R.L. and M.D. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** Not applicable.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
