*2.2. Alcohol-and Heat-Enhanced Marangoni Convection*

As the temperature change along the interphase surface can promote the surface tension gradient, it will also cause the Marangoni convection [35,36]. After heating, the surface tension decreases and the surface tension gradient increases, thereby enhancing the Marangoni convection and strengthening the mass transfer process [37,38]. The addition of alcohol reduces the surface tension, and with the evaporation of alcohol, the concentration of alcohol on the liquid film decreases, promoting the diffusion of alcohol molecules to the liquid film and enhancing the gradient of surface tension. This enhances the Marangoni convection [39,40]. The existence of interfacial convection can greatly enhance the interphase mass transfer process and reduce energy consumption.
