**5. Conclusions**

Self-assessed chewing ability was not associated with the serum level of albumin. In dental practice, recovering oral function is not enough for the health promotion of older adults. Additional nutritional instruction is indispensable. Health-related factors were found to interact with each other. However, the interactions were different for men and women. In terms of a health promotion plan for older adults, different strategies are necessary for men and women.

**Supplementary Materials:** The following are available online at http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/11/3315/s1, Figure S1. Diagram of the study design, Figure S2: Item response curve and item information curve of the 15 foods, Table S1: Results of blood tests for the subjects who participated in this study, Table S2: Descriptive statistics of the subscales of the SF 36, Table S3: Factor analysis for the subscales of the SF 36, Table S4: Frequency of items in the TMIG index for subjects who answered yes or able, Table S5: Frequency of scores of the TIMIG Index, Table S6: Factor analysis for the items in the TMIG index, Table S7: Three parameter logistic model of 15 foods, Table S8: Factor analysis for the 15 foods, Table S9: Correlations of number of remaining teeth, serum albumin level, and self-assessed chewing ability with subscales of the QOL, Table S10: Hazard ratios of self-assessed chewing ability of slight hard food adjusted by blood tests, Table S11: Means and medians of survival days.

**Author Contributions:** Y.N. planned the study design and managemen<sup>t</sup> and analysis of the data and wrote the original draft. E.K., A.O., R.O., M.S., Y.T., C.T. and K.A. collected and managed the data. Y.N., H.D., T.S. and N.H. contributed to funding acquisition, planning the study design, and reviewing and editing the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This study was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (grant numbers 17K12030, 20K10303), SECOM Science and Technology Foundation and an 8020 Research Grant for fiscal year 2017 from the 8020 Promotion Foundation (grant number 17-2-05). None of the funders played a role in the design of the study, data collection or analysis, interpretation of the results, or writing of the manuscript.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors state that they have no financial or nonfinancial conflicts of interest regarding this research.
