**6. Conclusions**

This study showed that multicompetent exercise training, with minor effect of BCAAs, triggered alterations in the inflammatory status and physical profiles of older persons, while helping maintain cognitive levels. Taken together, the achieved results, could help increase autonomy and efficiency in the performance of daily activities. Unlike other studies, our results showed that supplementation with BCAA did not induce substantial changes in health-related parameters at older ages. It is possible that the heterogeneity and limited sample size might have limited the statistical relevance of our results. Despite a slight and transient variation over time observed in some inflammatory and cognitive parameters, it is possible that the results here were influenced by the comorbidity status of each group.

**Author Contributions:** A.C.-S. drafted the paper; G.E.F. worked on the methodology of the study aspects of RCT; R.N. helped with data acquisition; M.U.C. statically analyzed the data; A.M.T., A.M. and E.M. developed the study proposal, revised the manuscript critically, and suggested additional statistical analyses; A.M.T. coordinated the research study and, together with M.P.d.B. and A.L.L.B., revised the manuscript critically. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology—CIDAF (UID/DTP/0413/2020). BCAA supplement provided free of cost by MyProtein®, Cheshire, UK.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** This study was conducted according to the guidelines of the and approved by the University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education Ethical Committee (reference number: CE/FCDEFUC/00282018), https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2 /show/NCT04376463 (accessed on 5 May 2020).

**Informed Consent Statement:** Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

**Data Availability Statement:** The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. Data supporting the reported results is the property of CIDAF, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.

**Acknowledgments:** We would like to thank the RCH for accepting to participate in this study. Thanks to the Pedro Alexandre Ferreira Filipe nurse for volunteering with the data collection and Ana Vieira-Pedrosa and Rafael Rodrigues for helping with the data collection. The authors would like to thank Jonatas Bussador do Amaral for his assistance in the graphical abstract. The authors M.P.B. and A.L.L.B. are fellows of the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technology Development (CNPq; M.P.B.: PQ-2 #305818/2018-0; A.L.L.B.: PQ-2 #307674/2017-7, Brazil).

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare that there are no conflict of interest.
