**5. Conclusions**

In summary, this study found that higher DDS has a beneficial e ffect on the risk of ADL disability and long-term dietary exposure is more preferable in the investigation of DDS and ADL.

**Supplementary Materials:** The following are available online at http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/11/3263/s1, Table S1: Sensitivity analysis of association of dietary diversity score (DDS) with disability in activities of daily living (ADL).

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, J.Z. and A.Z.; methodology, J.Z., W.W. and Z.R.; writing—original draft preparation, J.Z. and A.Z.; writing—review and editing, C.Y., P.W. and Y.Z.; supervision, Y.Z. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Acknowledgments:** This research uses data from the CHNS. We thank the National Institute for Nutrition and Health, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Carolina Population Center (P2C HD050924, T32 HD007168), the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the NIH (R01-HD30880, DK056350, R24 HD050924, and R01-HD38700) and the NIH Fogarty International Center (D43 TW009077, D43 TW007709) for financial support for the CHNS data collection and analysis files from 1989 to 2015 and future surveys, and the China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Ministry of Health for support for CHNS 2009, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai since 2009, and Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control since 2011.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
