2.1.1. Stationary Charging

Private vehicles are usually stationary objects. The typical daily drive time of a private car in Germany is 32 min, and most trips are shorter than 40 km (~25 mi) [10]. Average European distances are half as long as in the USA [11]. Therefore, charging with about 3.7 kW for vehicles with approximately 20 kWh energy storage capacity are sufficient. EV drivers, who do not have the possibility to charge their own equipment, depend on public charging infrastructure solutions. To promote socio-economic acceptance of electromobility, the range has to grow, while charging times have to be reduced by the use of fast charging batteries and charging stations. Otherwise, public infrastructure must be profitable and integrable [12].
