*Review* **Textile Branch and Main Breakthroughs of the Czech Republic in the Field of Textile Machinery: An Illustrated Review**

**Jiˇrí Militký 1,\* , Dana Kˇremenáková 1 , Miroslav Václavík 2 , Václav Kliˇcka <sup>3</sup> and Stanislav Dídek 4,†**


**Abstract:** The main aim of this review is to discuss and explain breakthrough solutions and main improvements in the construction of textile machinery originating in Czech Republic and their influence on processing and quality of textile products. Open-end spinning, jet weft insertion and jet looms, perpendicularly layered nonwovens and needleless electrospinning machines for manufacturing nanofibrous assemblies and corresponding technologies developed in Czech Republic are briefly discussed and pictorially illustrated. This review is also focused on specifying the different factors responsible for the development of technology and products in textile branches. The human and civilization factors influencing textile production and general requirement for advanced textile products are critically discussed. The unique position of the textile industry in society is demonstrated. The future basic needs that influence textile branch development are discussed.

**Keywords:** textile development; human and civilization factors; clothing and technical textiles; open end spinning; jet looms; perpendicularly layered nonwovens; needleless electrospinning
