*2.3. Semiconductor Stress*

An aspect of interest in designing renewable-energy-based power systems is the stress level of the semiconductor elements. As such, the expressions for the current and voltage are derived.

For the proposed converter, the expressions of voltage and current stress on the semiconductor devices are presented in Table 1 for the three applications analyzed in this work. *Vs*<sup>1</sup> (*Is*1) and *Vs*<sup>3</sup> (*Is*3) are the voltage (current) stress on the active switches *S*<sup>1</sup> and *S*3, respectively; whereas *Vs*<sup>2</sup> (*Is*2) and *Vs*<sup>4</sup> (*Is*4) are the voltage (current) stress on the passive switches (diodes) *S*<sup>2</sup> and *S*4, respectively.

It is important to notice that the voltage and current stress on semiconductor devices depend on the duty ratio of the converter. However, depending on the external elements (sources and loads) connected to the converter, the voltage and current stress might differ. The main difference in the stress on a semiconductor is related to the PV application, where

a PV module has a particular behavior depending on the weather conditions and the operation point.


**Table 1.** Voltage and current stress on a semiconductor devices.
