*2.5. Comparison*

In the literature, several solutions of quadratic buck-boost converters for photovoltaic applications have been published. The properties of these converters are summarized in Table 2, where the proposed converted is included for the sake of comparison. Note that all converters present a quadratic gain.



The topologies presented in [7,16,18] share a common characteristic, continuous input and output current, but this feature is penalized by the component number, since three inductors and three capacitors are required; additionally, [16] increased the semiconductors by two with respect to the other solutions. The proposed converter partially fulfills this requirement, where an output filter can be added to ensure a continuous output current, increasing the number of components.

In semiconductor devices, the voltage stress in previous topologies and in the proposed converter is similar when a voltage source and a resistive load are used. An interesting point regarding the previous topologies is their use or applicability in PV applications. Those works considered a voltage source and a resistive load that do not represent the operation of the converter in a PV application. Conversely, in this paper, we show that a PV source with a resistive load or clamped output voltage changes the voltage stress on semiconductor devices.
