**Table 1.** *Cont*.

*Chaetomium* sp.

*Chaetomium* sp.

*Chaetomium* sp.

*Bruguiera gymnorrhiza* Antimicrobial [39]

*Bruguiera gymnorrhiza* Antimicrobial [39]

*Bruguiera gymnorrhiza* Antimicrobial [39]

*Cladosporium cladosporioides* MA-299

*Cladosporium cladosporioides* MA-299

*Cladosporium cladosporioides* MA-299

O

O

O

HO

HO

HO

<sup>O</sup> <sup>O</sup>

<sup>O</sup> <sup>O</sup>

<sup>O</sup> <sup>O</sup>

**98**

**98**

**98**

H

H

H

N

N

N

S

S

S

COOH

COOH

COOH

*J. Fungi* **2022**, *8*, x FOR PEER REVIEW 13 of 36

*J. Fungi* **2022**, *8*, x FOR PEER REVIEW 13 of 36

*J. Fungi* **2022**, *8*, x FOR PEER REVIEW 13 of 36

*Lycopodiella cernua* (L.)

*Lycopodiella cernua* (L.)

*Lycopodiella cernua* (L.)

Pic [37]

Pic [37]

Pic [37]

#### **Table 1.** *Cont*. *Guignardia* sp. IFB-*Guignardia* sp. IFB-E028 *Hopea hainanensis* Cytotoxic

*Paraphaeosphaeria neglecta* FT462

*Guignardia* sp. IFB-

*Paraphaeosphaeria neglecta* FT462

*Paraphaeosphaeria neglecta* FT462

*micronesiensis Phyllanthus glaucus* Cytotoxic

*micronesiensis Phyllanthus glaucus* Cytotoxic

*micronesiensis Phyllanthus glaucus* Cytotoxic

Root of mangrove plant *Excoecaria agallocha Linn*

Root of mangrove plant *Excoecaria agallocha Linn*

Root of mangrove plant *Excoecaria agallocha Linn*

Antibacteria [42]

Antibacteria [42]

Antibacteria [42]

[43]

[43]

[43]

*Aspergillus* 

*Aspergillus* 

*Aspergillus* 

*Trichoderma harzianum* D13

*Trichoderma harzianum* D13

*Trichoderma harzianum* D13


*J. Fungi* **2022**, *8*, x FOR PEER REVIEW 14 of 36

*J. Fungi* **2022**, *8*, x FOR PEER REVIEW 14 of 36

*J. Fungi* **2022**, *8*, x FOR PEER REVIEW 14 of 36

Root of *Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. (Acanthaceae)* 

Root of *Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. (Acanthaceae)* 

Root of *Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. (Acanthaceae)* 

SCNU-F0001 Mangrove plant [40]

SCNU-F0001 Mangrove plant [40]

SCNU-F0001 Mangrove plant [40]

Antimicrobial [41]

Antimicrobial [41]

Antimicrobial [41]

#### **Table 1.** *Cont*.

*Cladosporium* sp.

*Cladosporium* sp.

*Cladosporium* sp.

*Cladosporium oxysporum* 

*Cladosporium oxysporum* 

*Cladosporium oxysporum* 

Leaves of *Melia* 

Leaves of *Melia* 

Leaves of *Melia* 

Leaves of *Melia* 

Root of the mangrove plant *Aricennia marina*

Root of the mangrove plant *Aricennia marina*

Root of the mangrove *Aricennia marina*

Root of the mangrove plant *Aricennia marina*

Root of the mangrove

Root of the mangrove

Root of the mangrove

*neglecta* FT462 *Lycopodiella cernua* [36]

*neglecta* FT462 *Lycopodiella cernua* [36]

*neglecta* FT462 [36]

*neglecta* FT462 *Lycopodiella cernua* [36]

*azedarach* L. [46]

*azedarach* L. [46]

L. [46]

*azedarach* L. [46]

Decreasing the lipid accumulation elicited by oleic acid

Decreasing the lipid accumulation elicited by oleic acid

Decreasing the lipid

Decreasing the lipid accumulation elicited by oleic acid

accumulation oleic acid [47]

plant *Avicennia marina* [47]

plant *Avicennia marina* [47]

Root of the mangrove plant *Avicennia* [47]

plant *Avicennia marina* [47]

[47]

[47]

[47]

*Sphaceloma* sp. LN-15

*Sphaceloma* sp. LN-15

*Sphaceloma* sp. LN-15

*Sphaceloma* sp. LN-15

*Paraphaeosphaeria* 

*Paraphaeosphaeria* 

*Paraphaeosphaeria* 

*Paraphaeosphaeria* 

*Neosartorya udagawae* HDN13- 313

*Neosartorya udagawae* HDN13- 313

*Neosartorya udagawae* HDN13- 313

*Neosartorya udagawae* HDN13- 313

*Neosartorya udagawae* HDN13- 313

*Neosartorya udagawae* HDN13- 313

*Neosartorya udagawae* HDN13- 313

*Neosartorya udagawae* HDN13- 313


*J. Fungi* **2022**, *8*, x FOR PEER REVIEW 15 of 36

*J. Fungi* **2022**, *8*, x FOR PEER REVIEW 15 of 36

*J. Fungi* **2022**, *8*, x FOR PEER REVIEW 15 of 36

*J. Fungi* **2022**, *8*, x FOR PEER REVIEW 15 of 36

Leaves of *Caloncoba* 

Leaves of *Caloncoba* 

Leaves of *Caloncoba* 

Leaves of *Caloncoba* 

*ciliata S. Lac* [44]

*ciliata S. Lac* [44]

*ciliata S. Lac* [44]

*ciliata S. Lac* [44]

*welwitschii* [45]

*welwitschii* [45]

*welwitschii* [45]

*welwitschii* [45]

*Aspergillus sydowii* Livewort *Scapania* 

*Aspergillus sydowii* Livewort *Scapania* 

*Aspergillus sydowii* Livewort *Scapania* 

*Aspergillus sydowii* Livewort *Scapania* 

#### **Table 1.** *Cont*.

*Pseudopestalotiopsis theae* 

*Pseudopestalotiopsis theae* 

*Pseudopestalotiopsis theae* 

*Pseudopestalotiopsis theae* 

Surface-sterilized leaves of *Berberis oregana*  (Berberidaceae)

Surface-sterilized leaves of *Berberis oregana*  (Berberidaceae)

Surface-sterilized leaves of *Berberis oregana*  (Berberidaceae)

*Pestalotiopsis* sp.

*Pestalotiopsis* sp.

*Pestalotiopsis* sp.

MF6046

MF6046

MF6046

*Fusarium* sp.

*Fusarium* sp.

*Fusarium* sp.

*Pestalotiopsis* sp.

*Pestalotiopsis* sp.

*Pestalotiopsis* sp.

**128** R1=R2=R3=H, R4=SO3H **129** R1=R2=R3=CH3, R4=SO3H

**128** R1=R2=R3=H, R4=SO3H **129** R1=R2=R3=CH3, R4=SO3H

**128** R1=R2=R3=H, R4=SO3H **129** R1=R2=R3=CH3, R4=SO3H

O

O

O

**130**

**130**

**130**

COOR3

COOR3

COOR3

14

14

14

SO3H

SO3H

SO3H

COOR2

COOR2

COOR2

O

O

O

**125** R1=SO3Na+, R2=H **126** R1=SO3Na+, R2=OH

**125** R1=SO3Na+, R2=H **126** R1=SO3Na+, R2=OH

**125** R1=SO3Na+, R2=H **126** R1=SO3Na+, R2=OH

OR4

OR4

OR4

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

R1O

R1O

R1O

R1O

O

O

O

H3CO O

H3CO O

H3CO O

*Ampelomyces* sp. *Urospermum picroides* [50]

*Ampelomyces* sp. *Urospermum picroides* [50]

*Ampelomyces* sp. *Urospermum picroides* [50]

AcBC2 *Aegiceras corniculatum* [51]

AcBC2 *Aegiceras corniculatum* [51]

AcBC2 *Aegiceras corniculatum* [51]

(CTGU-ZL-34). *Davidia involucrata* Cytotoxic [53]

(CTGU-ZL-34). *Davidia involucrata* Cytotoxic [53]

(CTGU-ZL-34). *Davidia involucrata* Cytotoxic [53]

HS30 *Isodon xerophilus* Antitumor [54]

HS30 *Isodon xerophilus* Antitumor [54]

HS30 *Isodon xerophilus* Antitumor [54]

Inhibiting FPTase (**128**) [52]

Inhibiting FPTase (**128**) [52]

Inhibiting FPTase (**128**) [52]

*J. Fungi* **2022**, *8*, 628

R1

R1

R1

R1

R1

R2O

R2O

R2O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OH

OH


**Table 1.** *Cont*. *Alternaria* sp. *Polygonum senegalense Alternaria* sp. *Polygonum senegalense Alternaria* sp. *Polygonum senegalense* 

*Penicillium crustosum* PRB-2 and *Xylaria* sp. HDN13-249.

*Penicillium crustosum* PRB-2 and *Xylaria* sp. HDN13-249.

*Penicillium crustosum* PRB-2 and *Xylaria* sp. HDN13-249.

*Penicillium crustosum* PRB-2 and *Xylaria* sp. HDN13-249.

*Penicillium crustosum* PRB-2 and *Xylaria* sp. HDN13-249.

*J. Fungi* **2022**, *8*, x FOR PEER REVIEW 16 of 36

*J. Fungi* **2022**, *8*, x FOR PEER REVIEW 16 of 36

*J. Fungi* **2022**, *8*, x FOR PEER REVIEW 16 of 36

*J. Fungi* **2022**, *8*, x FOR PEER REVIEW 16 of 36

*J. Fungi* **2022**, *8*, x FOR PEER REVIEW 16 of 36

Root of *Sonneratia* 

Root of *Sonneratia* 

Root of *Sonneratia* 

Root of *Sonneratia* 

Root of *Sonneratia* 

*Meisn*. (Polygonaceae)

*caseolaris* Antibacterial [48]

*caseolaris* Antibacterial [48]

*caseolaris* Antibacterial [48]

*caseolaris* Antibacterial [48]

*caseolaris* Antibacterial [48]

Cytotoxic (**123**) Inhibiting protein kinases (**123**)

Cytotoxic (**123**) Inhibiting protein kinases

Cytotoxic (**123**) Inhibiting protein kinases

Cytotoxic (**123**)

Cytotoxic (**123**)

[49]

[49]

S49 Bark of *Cephalotaxus* 

S49 Bark of *Cephalotaxus* 

S49 Bark of *Cephalotaxus* 

XL026 *Panax notoginseng* Antifungal Antibacterial [59]

XL026 *Panax notoginseng* Antifungal Antibacterial [59]

XL026 *Panax notoginseng* Antifungal Antibacterial [59]

*hainanensis* tree [60]

*hainanensis* tree [60]

*hainanensis* tree [60]

*Anvillea garcinii*

Antibacterial Antifungal

Antibacterial Antifungal

Antibacterial Antifungal

Cytotoxic [58]

Cytotoxic [58]

Cytotoxic [58]

*Fusarium chlamydosporium* 

*Fusarium chlamydosporium* 

*Fusarium chlamydosporium* 

*Leptosphaeria* sp.

*Leptosphaeria* sp.

*Leptosphaeria* sp.

HO

HO

HO

OH

OH

OH

H

H

H

**139**

**139**

**139**

OH OSO3 -

OH OSO3 -

OH OSO3 -


#### **Table 1.** *Cont*. *chlamydosporium chlamydosporium chlamydosporium chlamydosporium*

*Fusarium* 

*Fusarium* 

*Fusarium* 

*Fusarium* 

*Phomopsis glabrae* 

*Phomopsis glabrae* 

*Phomopsis glabrae* 

*Phomopsis glabrae* 

*Ascochyta* sp. AJ 117309

*Ascochyta* sp. AJ 117309

*Ascochyta* sp. AJ 117309

*Ascochyta* sp. AJ 117309

*J. Fungi* **2022**, *8*, x FOR PEER REVIEW 17 of 36

*J. Fungi* **2022**, *8*, x FOR PEER REVIEW 17 of 36

*J. Fungi* **2022**, *8*, x FOR PEER REVIEW 17 of 36

*J. Fungi* **2022**, *8*, x FOR PEER REVIEW 17 of 36

Leaves of *Pongamia pinnata* (family Fabaceae)

Leaves of *Pongamia pinnata* (family Fabaceae)

Leaves of *Pongamia pinnata* (family Fabaceae)

Leaves of *Pongamia pinnata* (family Fabaceae)

Raw leaf of *Taxus cuspidata var. nana Rehd*

Raw leaf of *Taxus cuspidata var. nana Rehd*

Raw leaf of *Taxus cuspidata var. nana Rehd*

Raw leaf of *Taxus cuspidata var. nana Rehd*

Leaves of *Anvillea garcinia* (Burm.f.) DC. (Asteraceae)

Leaves of *Anvillea garcinia* (Burm.f.) DC. (Asteraceae)

Leaves of *Anvillea garcinia* (Burm.f.) DC. (Asteraceae)

Leaves of *Anvillea garcinia* (Burm.f.) DC. (Asteraceae)

Anticancer [55]

Anticancer [55]

Anticancer [55]

Anticancer [55]

Cytotoxic [56]

Cytotoxic [56]

Cytotoxic [56]

Cytotoxic [56]

Antimicrobial [57]

Antimicrobial [57]

Antimicrobial [57]

Antimicrobial [57]

Cytotoxic

Cytotoxic

Cytotoxic

Cytotoxic

A rare diketopiperazine bionectin D (**1**) (Figure 1) was obtained from a fungal strain

A rare diketopiperazine bionectin D (**1**) (Figure 1) was obtained from a fungal strain

A rare diketopiperazine bionectin D (**1**) (Figure 1) was obtained from a fungal strain

sists of a tryptophan and a threonine moiety, and the α-carbon of its tryptophan moiety carries a single methylthio substitution. Compound **1** exhibited antibacterial activity against *Staphylococcus aureus*, *Escherichia coli*, and *Salmonella typhimurium* ATCC 6539 with the same minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25 μg/mL [4]. Lasiodiplines A-C (**2**– **4**) and E-F (**5**–**6**) are new sulfureous diketopiperazines that were produced by *Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae* F2 isolated from the apparently normal flower of *Illigera rhodantha*. The structure elucidation of these compounds was accomplished using a combination of spectroscopic and computational approaches, and the structure of **2** was further confirmed in conjunction with low-temperature (100 K) single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Lasiodiplines E (**5**) displayed antibacterial activity against *Veillonella parvula*, *Actinmyces israelili*, *Streptococcus* sp., *Bacteroides vulgates* and *Peptostreptococcus* sp. with the MIC values of 0.25, 32.0,

sists of a tryptophan and a threonine moiety, and the α-carbon of its tryptophan moiety carries a single methylthio substitution. Compound **1** exhibited antibacterial activity against *Staphylococcus aureus*, *Escherichia coli*, and *Salmonella typhimurium* ATCC 6539 with the same minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25 μg/mL [4]. Lasiodiplines A-C (**2**– **4**) and E-F (**5**–**6**) are new sulfureous diketopiperazines that were produced by *Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae* F2 isolated from the apparently normal flower of *Illigera rhodantha*. The structure elucidation of these compounds was accomplished using a combination of spectroscopic and computational approaches, and the structure of **2** was further confirmed in conjunction with low-temperature (100 K) single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Lasiodiplines E (**5**) displayed antibacterial activity against *Veillonella parvula*, *Actinmyces israelili*, *Streptococcus* sp., *Bacteroides vulgates* and *Peptostreptococcus* sp. with the MIC values of 0.25, 32.0,

carries a single methylthio substitution. Compound **1** exhibited antibacterial activity against *Staphylococcus aureus*, *Escherichia coli*, and *Salmonella typhimurium* ATCC 6539 with the same minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25 μg/mL [4]. Lasiodiplines A-C (**2**– **4**) and E-F (**5**–**6**) are new sulfureous diketopiperazines that were produced by *Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae* F2 isolated from the apparently normal flower of *Illigera rhodantha*. The structure elucidation of these compounds was accomplished using a combination of spectroscopic and computational approaches, and the structure of **2** was further confirmed in conjunction with low-temperature (100 K) single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Lasiodiplines E (**5**) displayed antibacterial activity against *Veillonella parvula*, *Actinmyces israelili*, *Streptococcus* sp., *Bacteroides vulgates* and *Peptostreptococcus* sp. with the MIC values of 0.25, 32.0,

sists of a tryptophan and a threonine moiety, and the α-carbon of its tryptophan moiety carries a single methylthio substitution. Compound **1** exhibited antibacterial activity against *Staphylococcus aureus*, *Escherichia coli*, and *Salmonella typhimurium* ATCC 6539 with the same minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25 μg/mL [4]. Lasiodiplines A-C (**2**– **4**) and E-F (**5**–**6**) are new sulfureous diketopiperazines that were produced by *Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae* F2 isolated from the apparently normal flower of *Illigera rhodantha*. The structure elucidation of these compounds was accomplished using a combination of spectroscopic and computational approaches, and the structure of **2** was further confirmed in conjunction with low-temperature (100 K) single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Lasiodiplines E (**5**) displayed antibacterial activity against *Veillonella parvula*, *Actinmyces israelili*, *Streptococcus* sp., *Bacteroides vulgates* and *Peptostreptococcus* sp. with the MIC values of 0.25, 32.0,

*2.1. Sulfide (R-S-R′)* 

*2.1. Sulfide (R-S-R′)* 

*2.1. Sulfide (R-S-R′)* 

*2.1. Sulfide (R-S-R′)* 

**2. Peptides** 

**2. Peptides** 

0.12, 0.12 and 0.12 μg/mL, respectively [5].

0.12, 0.12 and 0.12 μg/mL, respectively [5].

0.12, 0.12 and 0.12 μg/mL, respectively [5].

0.12, 0.12 and 0.12 μg/mL, respectively [5].
