*4.10. Transwell Assay*

In this study, the migration and invasive abilities of cultured HUVECs were assayed using the Transwell culture system (Corning®). To the lower chamber of the Transwell, DMEM medium containing the drug but without FBS. HUVECs cells were placed in the upper chamber of the DMEM medium without FBS at 37 ◦C for 24 h. After treatment, the cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min, and stained with 0.5% crystal violet for 10 min. Cell migration was imaged and quantified using an Olympus IX83 inverted microscope.
