*2.1. Identification and Procurement of the Plant Materials*

The aerial and root parts of *A. aspera*, and flowers of *C. gigantea* and *C. procera* were collected from the burial ground in Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh. They were identified by their flower and inflorescence. *C. gigantea* and *C. procera* contain white and purple flowers, respectively, as the major phenotypic differentiation [33,34].
