*4.1. Materials*

Ascorbic acid, trichloroacetic acid, DPPH, Folin–Ciocalteau reagent, ferric chloride, potassium ferricyanide, gallic acid, trypsin, quercetin, and Congo red were purchased from Sigma (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Hydrochloric acid, aluminum chloride, mono sodium dihydrogen phosphate, DMSO, ethanol, methanol, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and hydrogen peroxide were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All chemicals and reagents were of the highest analytical grade. All solvents used were HPLC grade.
