*4.7. Spectral Studies*

UV absorption measurements were taken with a Perkin Elmer Lambda 35 spectrophotometer (Waltham, MA, USA) with two beams. In the absence/presence of glucose and garlic extract, the UV spectra of HSA (0.2 mg/mL) were measured at a wavelength range of 240–500 nm. Each sample's absorbance intensity was measured at 280 nm [2,42].

AGE-specific fluorescence study: Fluorescence measurements were performed with a Shimadzu spectrofluorometer (model RF-5301PC, Tokyo, Japan). Excitation (350 nm) and emission (400–480 nm) wavelengths were used to determine the generation of fluorescent AGE products. Slit width of 3 nm was used for both excitation and emission [38].
