**5. Conclusions**

Humans are the only species that can think of a living ecosystem. However, as the soteriological perspective in the Christian tradition is anthropocentric and other-worldly in orientation and emphasizes only individual repentance, therein lies a theological limitation that prevents Christians from actively contemplating human responsibility for nature and matter. The theological perspective of deep incarnation standing from the dialogue with new materialists emphasizes that we must have a firm response-ability for the entire planet because of our unique response-ability to this world. We must begin to think of the ethics of the planet, recognizing that its agents are members of a collective solidarity for the sake of a planetary community, which is constantly in flux. It requires that we form solidarity with nonhuman beings in order to embody the possibility of the "reworlding" of planetary humanism. This will lead to a symbiotic response-ability more deeply rooted in the biblical-theological ground. In this sense, Christians must immediately stop reckless anthropocentric practices such as development for development, factory-style livestock, and the way of life of mass production and consumption. In addition, human-centered ways of living that treat nonhuman beings simply as means for the progress of human

civilization should be changed. The pollution of the air, water, and soil that kills other living beings is in fact driving us to death, as well as this Anthropocene civilization. It means that our world must immediately undergo 're-worlding' from our earthen foundations. Such a 're-worlding' could mean ecological salvation.

Therefore, if earth bodies are affirmed in their myriad forms of entanglement in the planet, sensitively utilizing their capacity for mutual interdependence, our homeostatic balance of well-being can resonate with other forms of beings on the earth. This asks us to change the meaning of responsibility a human individual subject must take into response-ability, which allows us to empathize with each other. As many thinkers have expressed recently, there would be no final solutions but only the ongoing practice of being open to each other, and taking the risk of being vulnerable, so that we might use our ability to respond, our responsibility, to help awaken and breathe life into our new possibilities for living justly. We only remember that God created human beings with the divine image but forget that the earth is co-creating plants and vegetables. That is, God has the earth as a co-creator of living beings on the earth. The co-creativity that is also endowed to humans with the divine image is not only for humans but for the sake of all beings. This is the reason we need to consider the way we live with animals, plants, vegetables, and things, natural and artificial. Humanism is still significant for human responsibility, given that human beings are always already intertwined with everything on "Earth Planet". I still wish to emphasize human responsibility as an ability to respond to all beings, for only humans can imagine the not-yet in order to change the world.

**Funding:** This research is supported by the Research Fund of the Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary, Seoul, 2022.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** Not applicable.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
