**Appendix A. Species of** *Calonectria* **Collected in This Study**

**Table A1.** Species of *Calonectria* collected in this study.



**Table A1.** *Cont.*







**Table A1.** *Cont.*



CSF9868 —-A-

(*Eucalyptus* plantation)

Longyan, Fujian, China

25◦17010.88200 N, 117◦27033.63500 E

Q.L. Liu and F.F. Liu

– – – – OK253577 –




CSF9901 —-A-

Soil (*Eucalyptus* plantation)

Zhangping, Longyan, Fujian, China

25◦17010.88200 N, 117◦27033.63500 E

S.F. Chen, Q.L. Liu and F.F. Liu

– – – – OK253599 –



CSF9981 —-A-

(natural forest area)

Longyan, Fujian, China

116◦38042.40000 E

Q.L. Liu and F.F. Liu

– – – – OK253621 –



*lanceolata*)

Fujian, China

and F.F. Liu










plantation)

Fujian, China

and F.F. Liu














plantation)

and F.F. Liu




*heterocycla*)

Soil

(*Phyllostachys heterocycla*)

Soil

(*Phyllostachys heterocycla*)

Soil

(*Phyllostachys heterocycla*)

Xinluo, Longyan, Fujian, China

25◦07031.13300 N, 116◦51037.48500 E

S.F. Chen, Q.L. Liu and F.F. Liu

Xinluo, Longyan, Fujian, China

25◦07031.13300 N, 116◦51037.48500 E

S.F. Chen, Q.L. Liu and F.F. Liu

Xinluo, Longyan, Fujian, China

25◦07031.13300 N, 116◦51037.48500 E

CSF9909 —-A-

CSF9911 —-A-

CSF9912 —-A-

and F.F. Liu

S.F. Chen, Q.L. Liu and F.F. Liu

– – – – OK253772 –

– – – – OK253773 –

– – – – OK253774 –




CSF10016 —-A-

(*Eucalyptus* plantation)

Sanming, Fujian, China

117◦16039.59100 E

Q.L. Liu and F.F. Liu

– – – – OK253796 –









**Table A1.** *Cont.*


each identified species, determined by sequences of *act*, *cmdA*, *his3*, *rpb2*, *tef1* and *tub2* regions; '-' means not available. d *act* = actin; *cmdA* = calmodulin; *his3* = histone H3; *rpb2* = the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase; *tef1* = translation elongation factor 1-alpha; *tub2* = β-tubulin. e Isolates used in phylogenetic analyses. f *N/A* represents the relative locus was not successfully amplified in the current study. g '–' represents the relative locus was not amplified in the current study. h Isolates used in morphological and culture growth studies. i Isolates used for mating studies. j Isolates that represent ex-type cultures are indicated in bold. **Appendix B. Phylogenetic Tree of** *Calonectria* **Species Based on Maximum Likelihood (ML) Analyses of** *act***,** *cmdA***,** *his3***,** *rpb2***,** *tef1* **and** *tub2* **Gene Sequences**

**Figure A1.** Phylogenetic tree of *Calonectria* species based on maximum likelihood (ML) analyses of *act* gene sequences. Bootstrap value ≥70% for ML and MP analyses are presented at the branches. Bootstrap values lower than 70% are marked with "\*", and absent analyses values are marked with "-". Ex-type isolates are marked with "T". Isolates sequenced in this study are highlighted in blue and bold type. The "B" species codes are consistent with the recently published results in Liu and co-authors [18]. The tree was rooted to *Curvicladiella cignea* (CBS 109167 and CBS 109168).

**Figure A2.** Phylogenetic tree of *Calonectria* species based on maximum likelihood (ML) analyses of *cmdA* gene sequences. Bootstrap value ≥70% for ML and MP analyses are presented at the branches. Bootstrap values lower than 70% are marked with "\*", and absent analyses values are marked with "-". Ex-type isolates are marked with "T". Isolates sequenced in this study are highlighted in blue and bold type. The "B" species codes are consistent with the recently published results in Liu and co-authors [18]. The tree was rooted to *Curvicladiella cignea* (CBS 109167 and CBS 109168).

**Figure A3.** Phylogenetic tree of *Calonectria* species based on maximum likelihood (ML) analyses of *his3* gene sequences. Bootstrap value ≥70% for ML and MP analyses are presented at the branches. Bootstrap values lower than 70% are marked with "\*", and absent analyses values are marked with "-". Ex-type isolates are marked with "T". Isolates sequenced in this study are highlighted in blue and bold type. The "B" species codes are consistent with the recently published results in Liu and co-authors [18]. The tree was rooted to *Curvicladiella cignea* (CBS 109167 and CBS 109168).

**Figure A4.** Phylogenetic tree of *Calonectria* species based on maximum likelihood (ML) analyses of *rpb2* gene sequences. Bootstrap value ≥70% for ML and MP analyses are presented at the branches. Bootstrap values lower than 70% are marked with "\*", and absent analyses values are marked with "-". Ex-type isolates are marked with "T". Isolates sequenced in this study are highlighted in blue and bold type. The "B" species codes are consistent with the recently published results in Liu and co-authors [18]. The tree was rooted to *Curvicladiella cignea* (CBS 109167 and CBS 109168).

**Figure A5.** Phylogenetic tree of *Calonectria* species based on maximum likelihood (ML) analyses of *tef1* gene sequences. Bootstrap value ≥70% for ML and MP analyses are presented at the branches. Bootstrap values lower than 70% are marked with "\*", and absent analyses values are marked with "-". Ex-type isolates are marked with "T". Isolates sequenced in this study are highlighted in blue and bold type. The "B" species codes are consistent with the recently published results in Liu and co-authors [18]. The tree was rooted to *Curvicladiella cignea* (CBS 109167 and CBS 109168).

**Figure A6.** Phylogenetic tree of *Calonectria* species based on maximum likelihood (ML) analyses of *tub2* gene sequences. Bootstrap value ≥70% for ML and MP analyses are presented at the branches. Bootstrap values lower than 70% are marked with "\*", and absent analyses values are marked with "-". Ex-type isolates are marked with "T". Isolates sequenced in this study are highlighted in blue and bold type. The "B" species codes are consistent with the recently published results in Liu and co-authors [18]. The tree was rooted to *Curvicladiella cignea* (CBS 109167 and CBS 109168).

## **Appendix C. Morphology of Six Previously Described** *Calonectria* **Species Collected in This Study**

*Calonectria aconidialis*

**Figure A7.** *Calonectria aconidialis*. (**a**). Perithecium; (**b**). vertical section through a perithecium; (**c**). cells around ostiolar region of perithecium; (**d**). section through lateral perithecial wall; (**e**,**f**). asci; (**g**). ascospores; (**h**–**j**). macroconidiophore; (**k**–**m**). obpyriform to sphaeropedunculate vesicles; (**n**,**o**). conidiogenous apparatus with conidiophore branches and elongate doliiform to reniform phialides; (**p**,**q**). macroconidia.—Scale bars: a = 200 µm; b = 100 µm; c, d, f and h–j = 20 µm; e = 50 µm; g and n–q = 10 µm; k–m = 5 µm.

Description: *Ascomata* perithecial, solitary or in groups of two, orange, becoming orangebrown with age; in section, apex and body orange, base red-brown, subglobose to ovoid, 368–491 µm high, 335–455 µm diam, body turning dark orange to red, and base dark red-brown in 3% KOH+; ascomatal wall rough, consisting of two thick-walled layers; outer layer of *textura globulosa*, 23–82 µm thick, cells becoming more compressed towards the inner layer of *textura angularis*, 8–21 µm thick, cells becoming thin-walled and hyaline towards the centre; outermost cells 21–35 × 7–21 µm, cells of inner layer 9–34 × 2–9 µm; ascomatal base up to 201 µm wide, consisting of dark red, angular cells, merging with an erumpent stroma; cells of the outer wall layer continuous with the pseudoparenchymatous cells of the erumpent stroma. *Asci* 8-spored, clavate, 68–143 × 10–22 µm, tapering into a long thin stalk. *Ascospores* aggregated in the upper third of the ascus, hyaline, guttulate, fusoid with rounded ends, straight to slightly curved, 1-septate, constricted at the septum, (24.5–)30.5–37.5(–42.5) × (4–)4.5–5.5(–7) µm (av. = 34 × 5 µm). *Macroconidiophores* consisting of a stipe, a suite of penicillate arranged fertile branches, a stipe extension, and a terminal vesicle; stipe septate, hyaline, smooth, 27–134 × 4–6 µm, stipe extension septate, straight to flexuous 64–129 µm long, 2–4 µm wide at the apical septum, terminating in a obpyriform to sphaeropedunculate vesicle, 3–7 µm diam; lateral stipe extensions (90◦ to main axis) moderate, 31–88 µm long, 1.5–3 µm wide at the apical septum, terminating in obpyriform vesicles, 2−5 µm. *Conidiogenous apparatus* 37–134 µm wide, and 41–128 µm long; primary branches aseptate, 15–27 × 3–5 µm; secondary branches aseptate, 12–20 × 3–4.5 µm; tertiary branches aseptate, 11–15 × 3–4 µm; quaternary branches aseptate, 8−16 × 3–5 µm, each terminal branch producing 2–6 phialides; phialides elongate doliiform to reniform, hyaline, aseptate, 9–18 × 2–5 µm, apex with minute periclinal thickening and inconspicuous collarette. *Macroconidia* cylindrical, rounded at both ends, straight, (40–)46–54.5(–63.5) × (3.5–)4.5–5(–6) µm (av. = 50 × 5 µm), 1-septate, lacking a visible abscission scar, held in parallel cylindrical clusters by colourless slime. Mega- and microconidia not observed.

Culture characteristics: Colonies producing abundant white to cinnamon (62) aerial mycelium at 25 ◦C on MEA, moderate sporulation on the medium surface; reverse sienna (8) to umber (9) after 7 d; chlamydospores extensive throughout the medium forming microsclerotia. Optimal growth temperature 25 ◦C, no growth at 5 ◦C and 35 ◦C, after 7 d, colonies at 10 ◦C, 15 ◦C, 20 ◦C, 25 ◦C and 30 ◦C reached 21.5 mm, 31.2 mm, 57.1 mm, 81.3 mm and 55.2 mm, respectively.

Specimens examined: China: Fujian Province, Longyan Region, Xinluo District (25◦07008.59700 N, 116◦44042.25700 E), from soil collected in a *Eucalyptus* plantation, 6 November 2016, S.F. Chen, Q.L. Liu and F.F. Liu (HMAS249929, culture CSF9937); Fujian Province, Longyan Region, Liancheng County (25◦26014.34800 N, 116◦38042.40000 E), from soil under a natural forest, 6 November 2016, S.F. Chen, Q.L. Liu and F.F. Liu (HMAS249930, culture CSF9957).

Notes: Isolates CSF9937, CSF9938 and CSF9957 were crossed with each other in all possible combinations on MSA to which autoclaved toothpicks had been placed, randomly distributed on the agar surface. Isolates CSF9937 and CSF9938 readily formed protoperithecia within two weeks, and perithecia with viable ascospores were produced within four weeks, when they crossed with themselves. After eight weeks of incubation, isolate CSF9957 failed to form sexual structures in any combination. *Calonectria aconidialis* is a species in the *Ca. kyotensis* species complex. The ascospores of *Ca. aconidialis* obtained in this study (av. = 34 × 5 µm) were smaller than those of the originally described *Ca. aconidialis* (av. = 36 × 6 µm) [11].

## *Calonectria hongkongensis*

**Figure A8.** *Calonectria hongkongensis*. (**a**). Perithecium; (**b**). vertical section through a perithecium; (**c**). cells around ostiolar region of perithecium; (**d**). section through lateral perithecial wall; (**e**,**f**). asci; (**g**,**h**). ascospores; (**i**,**j**). macroconidiophore; (**k**–**m**). sphaeropedunculate vesicles; (**n**,**o**). conidiogenous apparatus with conidiophore branches and elongate doliiform to reniform phialides; (**p**,**q**). macroconidia.—Scale bars: a = 200 µm; b = 100 µm; c–f and i,j = 20 µm; g,h and n–q = 10 µm; k–m = 5 µm.

Description: *Ascomata* perithecial, solitary or in groups of up to three, orange, becoming red-brown with age; in section, apex and body orange, base dark red-brown, subglobose to ovoid, 243–376 µm high, 219–355 µm diam, body turning red, and base dark red-brown in 3% KOH+; ascomatal wall rough, consisting of two thick-walled layers; outer layer of *textura globulosa*, 31–54 µm thick, cells becoming more compressed towards the inner layer of *textura angularis*, 10–28 µm thick, cells becoming thin-walled and hyaline towards the centre; outermost cells 10–25 × 9–23 µm, cells of inner layer 6–24 × 2–6 µm; ascomatal

base up to 168 µm wide, consisting of dark red, angular cells, merging with an erumpent stroma; cells of the outer wall layer continuous with the pseudoparenchymatous cells of the erumpent stroma. *Asci* 8-spored, clavate, 82–148 × 12–32 µm, tapering into a long thin stalk. *Ascospores* aggregated in the upper third of the ascus, hyaline, guttulate, fusoid with rounded ends, straight to slightly curved, 1-septate, constricted at the septum, (23–)25–30(–34) × (4–)5–7(–8) µm (av. = 28 × 6 µm). *Macroconidiophores* consisting of a stipe, a suite of penicillate arranged fertile branches, a stipe extension, and a terminal vesicle; stipe septate, hyaline, smooth, 47–117 × 4–8 µm, stipe extension septate, straight to flexuous 68–198 µm long, 1–4 µm wide at the apical septum, terminating in a sphaeropedunculate vesicle, 4–10 µm diam; lateral stipe extensions (90◦ to main axis) abundant, 42–111 µm long, 1–3 µm wide at the apical septum, terminating in obpyriform vesicles, 2−6 µm. *Conidiogenous apparatus* 37–146 µm wide, and 41–111 µm long; primary branches aseptate, 12–28 × 3–5.5 µm; secondary branches aseptate, 9.5–19 × 3–6 µm; tertiary branches aseptate, 9–13 × 3–5 µm, additional branches –5, aseptate, 8–15 × 2–4.5 µm, each terminal branch producing 2–4 phialides; phialides elongate doliiform to reniform, hyaline, aseptate, 8–14 × 2–5 µm, apex with minute periclinal thickening and inconspicuous collarette. *Macroconidia* cylindrical, rounded at both ends, straight, (34–)37–41(–44) × (3–)3.5–4(–5) µm (av. = 39 × 4 µm), 1-septate, lacking a visible abscission scar, held in parallel cylindrical clusters by colourless slime. Mega- and microconidia not observed.

Culture characteristics: Colonies forming abundant white to sienna (8) aerial mycelium at 25 ◦C on MEA, with irregular margins, abundant sporulation; surface rust-coloured (39); reverse sienna (8) to umber (9) after 7 d. Chlamydospores extensive throughout the medium forming microsclerotia. Optimal growth temperature 25 ◦C, no growth at 5 ◦C and 35 ◦C, after 7 d, colonies at 10 ◦C, 15 ◦C, 20 ◦C, 25 ◦C and 30 ◦C reached 21.2 mm, 26.1 mm, 46.3 mm, 69.1 mm and 64.1 mm, respectively.

Specimens examined: China: Fujian Province, Zhangzhou Region, Hua'an county (24◦53049.36900 N, 117◦32045.07000 E), from soil collected in a *Eucalyptus* plantation, 5 November 2016, S.F. Chen, Q.L. Liu and F.F. Liu (HMAS249931, culture CSF9784).

Notes: Isolates CSF7124, CSF9784 and CSF9794 were crossed with each other in all possible combinations on MSA. Isolates CSF7124 and CSF9784 readily formed protoperithecia within two weeks, and perithecia with viable ascospores were produced within four weeks, when they crossed with themselves. After eight weeks of incubation, isolate CSF9794 failed to form sexual structures in any combination. *Calonectria hongkongensis* is a species in the *Ca. kyotensis* species complex. The ascospores and macroconidia of *Ca. hongkongensis* obtained in this study (ascospores: av. = 28 × 6 µm; macroconidia: av. = 39 × 4 µm) were shorter than those of the originally described *Ca. hongkongensis* (ascospores: av. = 31 × 6 µm; macroconidia: av. = 46.5 × 4 µm) [23]. The vesicle of *Ca. hongkongensis* obtained in this study (4–10 µm) was narrower than those of the originally described *Ca. hongkongensis* (8–14 µm) [23].

## *Calonectria ilicicola*

**Figure A9.** *Calonectria ilicicola*. (**a**). Perithecium; (**b**). vertical section through a perithecium; (**c**). cells around ostiolar region of perithecium; (**d**). section through lateral perithecial wall; (**e**,**f**). asci; (**g**). ascospores; (**h**,**i**). macroconidiophore; (**j**,**k**). ovoid to sphaeropedunculate vesicles; (**l**,**m**). conidiogenous apparatus with conidiophore branches and elongate doliiform to reniform phialides; (**n**,**o**). macroconidia.—Scale bars: a = 200 µm; b = 100 µm; c, d, f and i = 20 µm; e and h = 50 µm; g and l–o = 10 µm; j, k = 5 µm.

Description: *Ascomata* perithecial, solitary or in groups of two, orange to red, becoming redbrown with age; in section, apex and body red-brown, base dark red-brown, subglobose to ovoid, 375–509 µm high, 363–474 µm diam, body turning dark red, and base dark red-brown in 3% KOH+; ascomatal wall rough, consisting of two thick-walled layers; outer layer of *textura globulosa*, 47–75 µm thick, cells becoming more compressed towards the inner layer of *textura angularis*, 14–30 µm thick, cells becoming thin-walled and hyaline towards the centre; outermost cells 9–40 × 8–36 µm, cells of inner layer 10–23 × 2–7 µm; ascomatal base up to 208 µm wide, consisting of dark red, angular cells, merging with an erumpent stroma; cells of the outer wall layer continuous with the pseudoparenchymatous cells of the erumpent stroma. *Asci* 8-spored, clavate, 70–137 × 12–34 µm, tapering into a long thin stalk. *Ascospores* aggregated in the upper third of the ascus, hyaline, guttulate, fusoid with rounded ends, straight to slightly curved, 1-septate, not or slightly constricted at the septum, (30–)37–46.5(–58) × (4–)5–6(–8) µm (av. = 42 × 5 µm). *Macroconidiophores* consisting of a stipe, a suite of penicillate arranged fertile branches, a stipe extension, and a terminal vesicle; stipe septate, hyaline, smooth, 12–98 × 4–7 µm, stipe extension septate, straight to flexuous 111–216 µm long, 2–4.5 µm wide at the apical septum, terminating in an ovoid to sphaeropedunculate vesicle, 6–13 µm diam; lateral stipe extensions (90◦ to main axis) absent. *Conidiogenous apparatus* 32–94 µm wide, and 49–106 µm long; primary branches aseptate, 12–34 × 4–6 µm; secondary branches aseptate, 4–21 × 3.5–6 µm; tertiary branches aseptate, 9–17 × 4–6 µm, each terminal branch producing 2–4 phialides; phialides elongate doliiform to reniform, hyaline, aseptate, 8–15 × 3–5 µm, apex with minute periclinal thickening and inconspicuous collarette. *Macroconidia* cylindrical, rounded at both ends, straight, (58–)63–70(–76) × 6–7(–8) µm (av. = 67 × 7 µm), (1–)3-septate, lacking a visible abscission scar, held in parallel cylindrical clusters by colourless slime. Mega- and microconidia not observed.

Culture characteristics: Colonies forming abundant white to cinnamon (62) aerial mycelium at 25 ◦C on MEA, with irregular margins, profuse sporulation; reverse with cinnamon (62) outer margin, and rust (39) inner region after 7 d. Chlamydospores extensive throughout the medium forming microsclerotia. Optimal growth temperature 25 ◦C, no growth at 5 ◦C and 35 ◦C, after 7 d, colonies at 10 ◦C, 15 ◦C, 20 ◦C, 25 ◦C and 30 ◦C reached 16.1 mm, 24.9 mm, 54.8 mm, 74.3 mm and 66.4 mm, respectively.

Specimens examined: China: Fujian Province, Longyan Region, Zhangping County (25◦17010.88200 N, 117◦27033.63500 E), from soil collected in a *Eucalyptus* plantation, 6 November 2016, S.F. Chen, Q.L. Liu and F.F. Liu (HMAS249932, culture CSF9862).

Notes: Isolates CSF9862 and CSF9863 were crossed with each other on MSA and they were readily formed protoperithecia within two weeks, and perithecia with viable ascospores were produced within four weeks, when they crossed with themselves. *Calonectria ilicicola* is a species in the *Ca. kyotensis* species. The ascospores of *Ca. ilicicola* (av. = 42 × 5.5 µm) obtained in this study were smaller than those of the originally described *Ca. ilicicola* (av. = 45 × 6 µm) [17], and the macroconidia of *Ca. ilicicola* (av. = 67 × 7 µm) were larger than those of the originally described *Ca. ilicicola* (av. = 62 × 6 µm) [17], and they share similar vesicle dimensions.

## *Calonectria kyotensis*

**Figure A10.** *Calonectria kyotensis*. (**a**). Perithecium; (**b**). vertical section through a perithecium; (**c**). cells around ostiolar region of perithecium; (**d**). section through lateral perithecial wall; (**e**,**f**). asci; (**g**,**h**). ascospores; (**i**–**k**). macroconidiophore; (**l**–**n**). sphaeropedunculate vesicles; (**o**,**p**). conidiogenous apparatus with conidiophore branches and elongate doliiform to reniform phialides; (**q**). macroconidia.—Scale bars: a = 200 µm; b = 100 µm; c, d, f, j and k = 20 µm; e and i = 50 µm; g, h and o–q = 10 µm; l–n = 5 µm.

Description: *Ascomata* perithecial, solitary or in groups of up to four, orange, becoming red-brown with age; in section, apex and body orange, base dark red-brown, subglobose to ovoid, 322–482 µm high, 296–432 µm diam, body turning red, and base dark red-brown in 3% KOH+; ascomatal wall rough, consisting of two thick-walled layers; outer layer of *textura globulosa*, 8–24 µm thick, cells becoming more compressed towards the inner layer of *textura angularis*, 25–59 µm thick, cells becoming thin-walled and hyaline towards the centre; outermost cells 14–25 × 8–13 µm, cells of inner layer 10–30 × 2–6 µm; ascomatal base up to 234 µm wide, consisting of dark red, angular cells, merging with an erumpent stroma; cells of the outer wall layer continuous with the pseudoparenchymatous cells of the erumpent stroma. *Asci* 8-spored, clavate, 73–125 × 15–29 µm, tapering into a long thin stalk. *Ascospores* aggregated in the upper third of the ascus, hyaline, guttulate, fusoid with rounded ends, straight to slightly curved, 1(–3)-septate, constricted at the septum, (26–)31–38.5(–43.5) × (5–)5.5–7.5(–9.5) µm (av. = 34.5 × 6.5 µm). *Macroconidiophores* consisting of a stipe, a suite of penicillate arranged fertile branches, a stipe extension, and a terminal vesicle; stipe septate, hyaline, smooth, 36–135 × 4–9 µm, stipe extension septate, straight to flexuous 69.5–222 µm long, 2–4 µm wide at the apical septum, terminating in a sphaeropedunculate vesicle, 4–10 µm diam; lateral stipe extensions (90◦ to main axis) abundant, 41–108 µm long, 1–3 µm wide at the apical septum, terminating in sphaeropedunculate vesicles, 3−7 µm. *Conidiogenous apparatus* 40–110 µm wide, and 36–108 µm long; primary branches aseptate, 14–31 × 4–6 µm; secondary branches aseptate, 9–22 × 3–5 µm; tertiary branches aseptate, 7–16 × 3–5 µm, quaternary branches aseptate, 8−11 × 3–5 µm, each terminal branch producing 2–4 phialides; phialides doliiform to reniform, hyaline, aseptate, 6–10 × 2–4 µm, apex with minute periclinal thickening and inconspicuous collarette. *Macroconidia* cylindrical, rounded at both ends, straight, (28–)32–35.5(–39.5) × (2.5–)3–4(–4.5) µm (av. = 33.5 × 3.5 µm), 1-septate, lacking a visible abscission scar, held in parallel cylindrical clusters by colourless slime. Mega- and microconidia not observed.

Culture characteristics: Colonies forming abundant white to sienna (8) aerial mycelium at 25 ◦C on MEA, with feather, irregular margins, profuse sporulation; reverse sienna (8) to umber (9) after 7 d. Chlamydospores extensive throughout the medium forming microsclerotia. Optimal growth temperature 25 ◦C, no growth at 5 ◦C and 35 ◦C, after 7 d, colonies at 10 ◦C, 15 ◦C, 20 ◦C, 25 ◦C and 30 ◦C reached 16.2 mm, 23.2 mm, 52.1 mm, 66.3 mm and 61.5 mm, respectively.

Specimens examined: China: Fujian Province, Zhangzhou Region, Hua'an county (24◦53049.36900 N, 117◦32045.07000 E), from soil collected in a *Eucalyptus* plantation, 5 November 2016, S.F. Chen, Q.L. Liu and F.F. Liu (HMAS249933, culture CSF9824); Fujian Province, Longyan Region, Liancheng county (25◦33006.99400 N, 116◦41042.32800 E), from soil collected in a *Eucalyptus* plantation, 6 November 2016, S.F. Chen, Q.L. Liu and F.F. Liu (HMAS249934, culture CSF10004).

Notes: Isolates CSF7130, CSF9824 and CSF10004 were crossed with each other in all possible combinations on MSA. Isolates CSF9824 readily formed protoperithecia within two weeks. After eight weeks of incubation, isolates CSF7130 and CSF10004 failed to form sexual structures in any combination. *Calonectria kyotensis* is a species in the *Ca. kyotensis* species. The ascospores of *Ca. kyotensis* (av. = 34.5 × 6.5 µm) obtained in this study were longer than those of the originally described *Ca. kyotensis* (av. = 29 × 6 µm) [47], while the macroconidia of *Ca. kyotensis* (av. = 33.5 × 3.5 µm) in this study were shorter than those of the originally described *Ca. kyotensis* (av. = 41 × 4 µm) [47], and the vesicle in this study (4–10 µm) was narrower than those of originally described *Ca. kyotensis* (8.8–19 µm) [47].

## *Calonectria pacifica*

**Figure A11.** *Calonectria pacifica*. (**a**–**c**). Macroconidiophore; (**d**–**g**). ovoid to sphaeropedunculate vesicles; (**h**–**j**). conidiogenous apparatus with conidiophore branches and doliiform to reniform phialides; (**k**,**l**). macroconidia.—Scale bars: a–c = 20 µm; d–g = 5 µm; h–l = 10 µm.

Description: *Sexual morph* unknown. *Macroconidiophores* consisting of a stipe, a suite of penicillate arranged fertile branches, a stipe extension, and a terminal vesicle; stipe septate, hyaline, smooth, 44–115 × 4–7 µm; stipe extensions septate, straight to flexuous 73.5–171 µm long, 2–3.5 µm wide, at the apical septum, terminating in an ovoid to sphaeropedunculate vesicle, 4–10 µm diam; lateral stipe extensions (90◦ to main axis) abundant, 36–98 µm long, 1.5–2.5 µm wide at the apical septum, terminating in an ovoid vesicles, 3–5 µm diam. *Conidiogenous apparatus* 45–105 µm wide, and 35–81 µm long; primary branches aseptate, 12.5–23 × 4–6 µm; secondary branches aseptate, 10–20 × 3–6 µm; tertiary branches aseptate, 10–15 × 3–5 µm, each terminal branch producing 2–4 phialides; phialides doliiform to reniform, hyaline, aseptate, 6−15 × 3–5 µm, apex with minute periclinal thickening and inconspicuous collarette. *Macroconidia* cylindrical, rounded at both ends, straight, (36–)40– 46(–48) × (3.5–)4–5(–6) µm, (av. = 43 × 5 µm), 1-septate, lacking a visible abscission scar, held in parallel cylindrical clusters by colourless slime. Mega- and microconidia not observed. Culture characteristics: Colonies forming sparse white to sienna (8) aerial mycelium at

25 ◦C on MEA, with feathery, irregular margins at the edges, abundant sporulation; reverse sienna (8) to umber (9) after 7 d. Optimal growth temperature 25 ◦C, no growth at 5 ◦C and 35 ◦C, after 7 d, colonies at 10 ◦C, 15 ◦C, 20 ◦C, 25 ◦C and 30 ◦C reached 15.1 mm, 21.4 mm, 45.1 mm, 58.2 mm and 42.1 mm, respectively.

Specimens examined: China: Fujian Province, Nanping Region, Yanping District (26◦42026.67200 N, 118◦07058.31700 E), from soil under a natural forest, 08 November 2016, S.F. Chen, Q.L. Liu and F.F. Liu (HMAS249938, culture CSF10070); Fujian Province: Nanping Region, Yanping District (26◦42026.67200 N, 118◦07058.31700 E), from soil under a natural forest, 08 November 2016, S.F. Chen, Q.L. Liu and F.F. Liu (HMAS249939, culture CSF10077).

Notes: Isolates CSF10024, CSF10070 and CSF10077 were crossed with each other in all possible combinations on MSA and failed to form sexual structures in any combination. *Calonectria pacifica* is a species in the *Ca. kyotensis* species complex. The macroconidia of *Ca. pacifica* (av. = 43 × 5 µm) obtained in this study were shorter than those of the originally described *Ca. pacifica* (av. = 55 × 4.5 µm) [17], and the vesicles were narrower than those of originally described strains of *Ca. pacifica* (7–15 µm) [17].

## *Calonectria pseudoreteaudii*

**Figure A12.** *Calonectria pseudoreteaudii*. (**a**–**c**). Macroconidiophore; (**d**–**f**). clavate to narrowly clavate vesicle; (**g**–**i**) conidiogenous apparatus with conidiophore branches and cylindrical to allantoid phialides; (**j**–**l**). macroconidia.—Scale bars: a–c = 20 µm; d–f = 5 µm; g–l = 10 µm.

Description: *Sexual morph* unknown. *Macroconidiophores* consisting of a stipe, a suite of penicillate arranged fertile branches, a stipe extension, and a terminal vesicle; stipe septate, hyaline, smooth, 81–145 × 3–8 µm; stipe extensions septate, straight to flexuous 150–268 µm long, 5–7 µm wide, at the apical septum, terminating in a narrowly clavate vesicle, 3–5 µm diam. *Conidiogenous apparatus* 68–140 µm long, and 30–92 µm wide; primary branches aseptate or 1-septate, 19–34 × 4–6 µm; secondary branches aseptate, 16–25 × 4–5 µm; tertiary branches aseptate, 13–22 × 3–5 µm, each terminal branch producing 1–3 phialides; phialides cylindrical to allantoid, hyaline, aseptate, 10−18 × 3–5 µm, apex with minute periclinal thickening and inconspicuous collarette. *Macroconidia* cylindrical, rounded at the apex, flattened at the base, straight, (54.5–)73–88.5(–96) × (6–)6.5–8(–9) µm, (av. = 81 × 7.5 µm), 5-septate, lacking a visible abscission scar, held in parallel cylindrical clusters by colourless slime. Mega- and microconidia not observed.

Culture characteristics: Colonies forming white to sienna (8) aerial mycelium at 25 ◦C on MEA, with feathery, regular margins at the edges, abundant sporulation; reverse sienna (8) to chestnut (40) after 7 d; chlamydospores extensive throughout the medium, forming microsclerotia. Optimal growth temperature 25 ◦C, no growth at 5 ◦C and 35 ◦C, after 7 d, colonies at 10 ◦C, 15 ◦C, 20 ◦C, 25 ◦C and 30 ◦C reached 19.3 mm, 25.1 mm, 49.2 mm, 59.1 mm and 47.1 mm, respectively.

Specimens examined: China: Fujian Province, Nanping Region, Yanping District (26◦46019.65100 N, 117◦57037.23300 E), from soil collected in a *Eucalyptus* plantation, 08 November 2016, S.F. Chen, Q.L. Liu and F.F. Liu (HMAS249940, culture CSF10059); Fujian Province: Nanping Region, Yanping District (26◦46019.65100 N, 117◦57037.23300 E), from soil collected in a *Eucalyptus* plantation, 08 November 2016, S.F. Chen, Q.L. Liu and F.F. Liu (HMAS249941, culture CSF10060).

Notes: Isolates CSF10059 and CSF10060 were crossed with each other on MSA and failed to form sexual structures in any combination. *Calonectria pseudoreteaudii* is a species in the *Ca. reteaudii* species complex. The macroconidia of isolates obtained in this study (av. = 81 × 7.5 µm) were much shorter than those of the originally described strains of *Ca. pseudoreteaudii* (av. = 104 × 8 µm) [24].

## **References**

