*2.4. The Demand for Campsites*

The international literature includes many articles on camping tourism Ram and Hall (2020); Rogerson and Rogerson (2020); however, few researchers have specifically explored the demand elasticity (income and price) for overnight stays at campsites. There are some studies on the demand for recreation Rosenberger and Stanley (2010). Although it is connected, it is not the same as overnight stays at campsites.

Substitution occurs among different kinds of accommodations. Some countries have experienced reduced camping frequencies over the last decade Marin-Pantelescu (2015). Many customers whose income increases prefer a higher standard of accommodation and might replace campsites with huts and hotels. Therefore, the income elasticity of campsites might be lower than that of hotels. Researchers such as Barnes (1996) and Crawford (2007) reported an inelastic income elasticity Barnes (1996); Crawford (2007). Higher income has a marginal impact on the demand. Due to the substitution effect, Brox and Kumar (1997) suggested a negative income elasticity. The demand for a commodity that is regarded as inferior will fall when income increases. On the other hand, campsites can improve their standards to retain more guests and make these locations more attractive by improving quality and comfort. For this purpose, one needs to invest in infrastructure Grzinic et al. (2010). Overnight stays at camping sites are sensitive to price changes. Beaman et al. (1991) reported a price elasticity of around −1.0 for staying at campsites.
