**4. Results and Discussion**

In September 2015, the UN General Assembly adopted the 2030 Agenda with the aim of promoting sustainable development through an action plan that seeks to end poverty, safeguard our planet, and ensure peace and prosperity (UNWTO 2015). The SDGs that take up and expand on the Millennium Development Goals include 17 goals and 169 targets and will be the framework for the new world development agenda for the next 15 years (ONWTO Organización Mundial del Turismo 2015). It is acknowledged that each country faces specific challenges in its search for sustainable development. Accordingly, UN member states recognize that the world's greatest challenges are the elimination of poverty and the preservation of the environment (UNWTO 2015).

Within the 2030 agenda's framework, the World Charter for Sustainable Tourism +20 is recapitulated, recognizing that SDGs present an opportunity to direct tourism activity along inclusive and sustainable pathways (Naciones Unidas 2015a). The document thus stipulates that tourism must contribute effectively to reducing inequality, promoting peaceful and inclusive societies, achieving gender equality, and creating permanent opportunities for all. It also highlights that the ecological footprint of tourism can be significantly reduced, and that this process should drive innovation by developing green, inclusive, low carbon economies. Finally, it emphasizes that indigenous cultures, traditions, and local knowledge, in all their forms, must be respected and valued, underlining the importance of promoting the full participation of local communities and indigenous peoples in tourism development decisions that affect them (Urkullo 2015).

Regarding the Peruvian legislative framework, tourism activity is governed by Law 29408, the general tourism law, which aims to promote, encourage, and regulate the sustainable development of tourism activity and is mandatory at all three levels of government: national, regional, and local. This legal framework applies to the development and regulation of tourist activity, and MINCETUR is the national governing body for matters related to tourism. Article 3 of this law sets out the principles of tourism activity, which are: sustainable development, inclusion, non-discrimination, promotion of private investment, decentralization, quality, competitiveness, fair trade in tourism, tourism culture, identity, and conservation (Congreso de la República 2017a).

It is necessary to ascertain a community's conditions prior to designing an implementation of sustainable tourism that can contribute to its local development. La Florida, together with the Pampas community, is strategically located as a base location for the reception of tourists intending to visit the archaeological center of Rúpac, the traditional local festivals, the anniversary of Rúpac, the festival of San Salvador de Pampas, etc. All of these result in an increasing number of visits each year, but with very short stays. The surveys undertaken in our study reveal that 52.5% of residents believe tourists stay in the area less than a day, which is a very short time to provide opportunities for active economic revitalization.

The "Rúpac Marca Kullpi" archaeological complex belongs to the Atahuallos culture that flourished from 900 until the mid-1400s CE (IPerú 2016). It is presently called the "Lima Machu Picchu" since it is located at the top of the mountain (3580 MSL) and, despite its age, is well-conserved. The archaeological complex is a citadel with fortified vaulted ceilings and stone structures up to 10 m high. (IPerú n.d.). In 2016, Bill 1012/2016-CR was presented and passed, which made the recovery, conservation, protection, and promotion of the Rúpac Marca Cullpi archaeological site a public necessity and preferential national interest (Congreso de la República 2017a). Nonetheless, much remains to be done to ensure that the mountain range of the city of Huaral is a tourist focus for Lima. Rúpac

is not yet prepared to receive a large influx of tourists, while neighboring population centers still lack optimal infrastructure and facilities to accommodate additional tourism. The president of the Association of Hotels, Restaurants and Related—Huaral (AHORA— Huaral) has stated that approximately 10,000 tourists visit the area annually, of whom 10% are foreign (Andina 2019). Conversely, he affirms that the place has become highly attractive to national and foreign tourists because of its inclusion in the Short Routes of Lima. To reach Rúpac, one must first take a bus from Lima to Huaral, then take local transport from Huaral to the town of La Florida and Pampas, and finally undertake a walk of approximately three and a half hours to the complex. La Florida's role as a base center is the reason for this study's focus on that rural community. The town had 843 inhabitants as of the most recent census (carried out in 2017), of whom 53% were female (INEI 2017). Our surveys indicate that 58.9% of residents have completed secondary school but only 7.9% have higher education, while the remainder of the population has an educational level between primary and initial (Naciones Unidas 2015b).
