**3. Results of the Survey: Tourist Mobility Problems in the Hajnowka Poviat and the Zaonezhye Region**

An examination of the respondents' answers showed that the general results regarding mobility problems in the two surveyed nature conservation areas are similar, but due to different political and legal conditions and climatic conditions, the specific expectations of tourists differ.

The majority of respondents (92.3%) use road transport when travelling to Zaonezhye, and 9.4% use water transport. They visit the territory for a varying number of days, depending on the purpose of their trip. Other modes of transport, such as bicycle (1.6%), train (1.5%) and aeroplane (1%), had a minor share.

The mobility needs of tourists were measured using the structure indicator (%) regarding Zaonezhye and Kizhi Island and can be summarised as follows:


A survey among tourists regarding the assessment of the condition of infrastructure in Hajnowka County indicates that in categories as access to public transport (57%), frequency of public transport (64%), cost of public transport tickets (71%), availability of information on transport (64%), facilities for the disabled in public transport (77%), the vast majority of respondents do not have a precise opinion, neither positive nor negative, which is due to the fact that most of them do not use local transport. When it comes to assessing the technical state of the transport infrastructure, the majority of respondents (57%) rate the technical state of the transport infrastructure as rather positive and very positive; similarly, respondents rate the safety of their journeys as rather positive and very positive (Figure 1).

The assessment regarding problems with the introduction of changes in the functioning of bus and rail transport and road infrastructure, including bike paths in the Hajnowka Poviat, shows that the vast majority of tourists do not have an opinion on the need for changes in the functioning of local bus and rail transport.

The median, mode, arithmetic mean and standard deviation were calculated for the data presented in the figure. The results are presented in Table 1.

**Figure 1.** The degree of mobility problems of tourists in Hajnowka Poviat with the concentration of transport services. Source: own study based on empirical research. **Figure 1.** The degree of mobility problems of tourists in Hajnowka Poviat with the concentration of transport services. Source: own study based on empirical research.


**Table 1.** Evaluation of the condition and problems of infrastructure of Hajnowka Poviat in the opinion of the tourists (median, mode, arithmetic mean, standard deviation).

*Source*: own study based on empirical research.

In terms of the technical condition of infrastructure, Polish respondents highlighted a need to improve the technical condition of roads, including an increase in the number of parking spaces. Tourists highlighted a need for more bike paths, including more parking spaces for bicycles.

The surveys conducted in Russia show that more than half of the respondents (65%) are willing to come to the territory of Zaonezhye to an equipped paid car park with all amenities (catering facility, rubbish collection, toilet, etc.). The highest rating for accessibility in Zaonezhye was given to cashless payment services in shops, petrol stations, etc. (the average score for this service was 7.86). The lowest rating was given to catering services (average rating of 5.24). The overwhelming majority of respondents (88%) met their expectations after visiting the Zaonezhye territory. In addition, the local population is actively involved in the development of tourism infrastructure. During the monitoring period of the MARA project, four new guesthouses (reconstruction of pre-existing historical houses from the 19th–20th century) were opened in the Kizhi skerries area. The local people are looking for options to keep guests in the territory by providing a variety of services. The population is particularly active in the Velikaya Guba area; the year-round transport accessibility of the mainland allows for a diverse range of offers and services. However, there is a problem with finding employees in the hospitality field; as a rule, local residents have no vocational training and young people are not interested in permanent employment in rural areas. The survey shows that more than half of the respondents (65.1%) are willing to come to the territory of Zaonezhye to an equipped paid car park with all amenities (catering facility, rubbish collection, toilet, etc.), while 22% said no.

The results show that the main problem related to tourist mobility diagnosed in both regions concerns road infrastructure. However, the detailed data show some differences mainly due to climatic and economic-political conditions.
