*1.2. The Natural Valuable Tourism Destination Mobility Problems in the Literature*

Swarbrooke (1995) proposed a typology of tourist attractions and grouped them in three categories, entertainment, heritage and emotions. Areas of natural value fall into the first two categories. Mobility in the context of tourism has repeatedly been the subject of academic research. The main findings of Zamparini and Vergori (2021) show that mobility at home, the use of a friendly mode of transport to reach a destination and the choice of a static holiday in places associated with the sea, sun and sand are the most relevant variables that positively influence environmentally friendly mobility. In addition, improved infrastructure and more appropriate mobility policies and strategies can influence more sustainable transport choices of visitors and residents. (Diskinson and Lumsdon 2011). The authors describe different types of slow tourism, namely walking tourism, cycling tourism, bus and coach tourism, train tourism, water-based travelling. They emphasise that slow tourism is more environmentally friendly. A book on sustainable transport in natural and protected areas, (ed. Orsi 2015) in which numerous authors address similar issues, should be considered a very valuable publication. Of particular note is the chapter that presents the sustainability potential of various transport modes in natural settings. The authors conclude that a sustainable transportation system guarantees the satisfaction of multiple environmental, social and economic requisites across space and over time.

Results on the mobility of residents in the Hajnowka Poviat were presented in 2022 (Szymanska and Koloszko-Chomentowska 2022). This research showed a wide range of opinions on public transport. The high rate of tourists' lack of opinion on this subject is precisely due to problems with public transport accessibility, which forces tourists to rely on private means of transport. Such responses are, on the one hand, a limitation of the survey, but on the other hand, they indirectly show a serious mobility problem.

Page and Connell (2020), in turn, undertake a systematisation of tourism issues in their book, including transporting the tourist (pp. 161–86) and rural tourism (pp. 466–83). Cohen et al. also undertake a discussion of mobility issues in tourism (Cohen et al. 2014).

Shen et al. (2019) proves that a better geographic location with greater accessibility is usually an advantage for rural tourism market expansion, as urban residents are still the main target market for rural tourism. Kirilenko et al. (2019) takes a similar approach. According to Sharav et al. (2019), the development of railways contributes to increasing the level of tourist penetration of destinations. Activities in line with the principles of sustainable tourism are key to its development, favouring naturally valuable tourist destinations (Borkowska-Niszczota et al. 2014). The organisation and functioning of clusters support tourism development, including tourist mobility (Sahakyan et al. 2019). Variables for the evaluation of tourist behaviour (accommodation, means of transport, frequency of visits, travel group) depend on the type of settlement unit and its location in a settlement network (Bartosiewicz and Pielesiak 2019). Descriptive statistics for the analysis of tourist length of stay in rural areas were based on the following three variants proposed by Wi˛eckowski et al. (2014): short term, medium term, long term. Innovative solutions for developing sustainable transport and improving tourist accessibility are very important (Szyma ´nska et al. 2021). In Italy, Coppola et al. (2020) proposed the development of an Italian National Tourism Mobility Plan, which identifies one of the key drivers of investment in accessibility. For this purpose, they have developed a planning support system (PSS) with the aim of identifying investments that seek to close the accessibility gap of national tourist sites from the main airports, ports and railway stations (i.e., the 'access gates' to a country), either on the road network or using public transport services.

Based on the analysis of the above-mentioned literature, the research conducted focused on the following research problems: assessing the current state and prospects of infrastructure development in the context of the accessibility of individual tourist attractions and from the perspective of different means of transport.

**Hypothesis 1 (H1).** *States that the most popular form of travel in natural value remote areas is road transport.*
