*4.1. Input Data*

This study was conducted using residential demand data. We obtained residential hourly demand data in the Korea Electric Power Cooperation (KEPCO) service area where residents live. This data covered 847 residential customers, all of whom participated in the PTR pilot program. The data covered the period from November 2017 through February 2018, during which time the PTR pilot program operated from mid-January to the end of February. The PTR events occurred throughout nine days from 17:00 to 20:00. The average hourly demand from residential PTR program customers in Seoul, Korea is illustrated in Figure 3.

**Figure 3.** Average hourly demand for residential PTR program customers in Seoul, Korea, from November 2017 through February 2018.
