**5. Conclusions**

Our review aims to highlight the richness of adaptive sonar behavior and performance exhibited by diverse bat species, which collectively can inspire exciting advances in sonar tracking technology. Bats rely on a highly developed audio-vocal feedback system that supports computation of the distance and direction of objects in their surroundings. Most bats make use of wideband sonar signals and dynamically modify the spectro-temporal features of echolocation sounds in response to sensory information about the location of targets and obstacles. Bats navigate highly complex environments, identify targets relative to surrounding clutter, and are able to anticipate target motion, in order to intercept and capture moving targets in flight. Bat echolocation has inspired sonar technology advances for decades, however, artificial systems have yet to incorporate the full richness of adaptive sonar behaviors for target tracking and interception.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization: C.A.D., A.S., and C.F.M.; Funding acquisition: C.A.D., A.S., C.F.M.; Supervision: C.F.M.; Visualization: C.A.D. and A.S.; Writing—original draft: C.A.D. and A.S.; Writing—review and editing: C.A.D., A.S., and C.F.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This work was funded by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship awarded to CD (GRFP 2018261398), a Human Frontiers Science Program Fellowship awarded to AS (LT000220/2018), and NSF Brain Initiative (NCS-FO 1734744), AFOSR (FA9550-14-1-0398NIFTI), and ONR (N00014-17-1-2736) grants awarded to CFM.

**Acknowledgments:** We thank Katie Rabasca for comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
