**Appendix A**

The *β*-transus temperature (T*β*, the temperature at which the α + *β*-phases transform to the *β*-phase) of the as-sintered Ti-1100 titanium alloy was determined by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC, NETZSCH STA 449F5, Germany). The main parameters of DSC analysis are as follows:


As seen in Figure A1, T*β* was determined as 1293 K (or 1019.7 ◦C).

**Figure A1.** DSC curve of the as-sintered Ti-1100 titanium alloy.
