**5. Conclusions**

Due to the longer duration and wider coverage of the extreme arid weather disturbance, the degree of damage to the forest ecosystem is greater than that of the extreme ice and snow weather disturbance. Due to the extreme arid weather disturbance, the number of litter branches of the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Ailao Mountain decreases, regresses to the lower community succession, and then slowly recovers. However, in general, the forest ecosystem of Ailao Mountain has the ability of self-regulation and high early recovery after disasters, which makes the amount of litter of the evergreen broad-leaved forest in Ailao Mountain after being disturbed by extreme weather close to the amount of litter of the evergreen broad-leaved forest in the same latitude in normal years. The nutrient element content, decomposition rate, and seasonal dynamics of the

litter are not affected by extreme weather interference and have a high resistance to extreme weather interference events in the short term. It can strongly maintain soil fertility in the region. Therefore, studying the mechanism of litter change of evergreen broad-leaved forests in the same region in different extreme weather interference years can fully compare the damage caused by different extreme weather interference to the normal forest growth process, and provide a reference for the research of evergreen broad-leaved forests in other subtropical regions, At the same time, it has far-reaching significance for the recovery and evolution of subtropical forest ecosystem disturbed by extreme weather, sustainable managemen<sup>t</sup> and improvement in ecological function to study the change of litter volume before and after extreme drought and ice and snow weather disturbance.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, X.L. (Xingyue Liu); methodology, X.L. (Xingyue Liu); software, X.L. (Xingyue Liu) and Z.W.; validation, X.L. (Xingyue Liu), Z.W. and X.L.(Xi Liu); formal analysis, X.L. (Xingyue Liu) and H.G.; investigation, X.L. (Xingyue Liu), Z.L. and D.L.; resources, Z.L., D.L. and H.G.; data curation, X.L. (Xingyue Liu) and H.G.; writing—original draft preparation, X.L. (Xingyue Liu); writing—review and editing, X.L. (Xingyue Liu) and H.G.; visualization, X.L. (Xingyue Liu), Z.W. and X.L. (Xi Liu); supervision, X.L. (Xingyue Liu) and H.G.; project administration, H.G.; funding acquisition, H.G. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research was funded by the Yunnan Natural Science Foundation (2019FB064).

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy restrictions.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
