**5. Conclusions**

With the expansion of moso bamboo in Japanese cedar, soil NH4 +-N and pH increased, while soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and litter carbon decreased. Moso bamboo expansion significantly increased soil fungal diversity, caused an increase in the number of soil pathogens and symbiotic groups, and altered the structure and function of the soil fungal communities. Moso bamboo expansion may promote changes in soil microbialcommunity structure by changing the basic phychemical properties of soil. Overall, with the continuous expansion of moso bamboo, the structure and diversity of soil bacterial communities decreased, and the structure and diversity of soil fungi have increased significantly. Therefore, the expansion of moso bamboo will cause significant changes in soil microbial activities and community structure, which should be considered in the managemen<sup>t</sup> of moso bamboo expansion.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, N.W., L.Z. and H.F.; methodology, L.Z., Y.L. and H.F.; software, H.F. and A.L.; validation, L.Z., M.L. and H.F.; formal analysis, H.F.; investigation, T.B., H.F., Q.Z. and Y.F.; resources, L.Z., W.D., M.L. and Y.L.; data curation, H.F., J.B., A.L. and J.Z.; writing—original draft preparation, H.F.; visualization, N.W., L.Z. and H.F.; supervision, X.L. and L.Z.; project administration, L.Z. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** Study supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31770749, 31560203); Research Project of Lushan National Forest Ecosystem Research Station (9022206523); Jiangxi "Double Thousand Plan" Science and Technology Innovation High-end Talent Project (jxsq2019201078).

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** Data are contained within the article. **Acknowledgments:** The authors acknowledge other colleagues from the Lushan National Nature Reserve for their assistance in the field work.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
