**6. Conclusions**

Our study reveals that even under the conditions of an emergency, such as the occurrence of a pandemic, the 'crimmigrated' approach of the States concerning the marginalized migrant/refugee populations cannot be annulled or even mitigated. On the contrary, emergency pandemic situations constitute another field for intensifying the dangerization controls, segregation and movement restrictions of various social groups, migrant/refugee populations included. In addition, emergency pandemic situations constitute an extra opportunity in the context of a vaccine institutional racism for further stabilizing the identity

of the 'non-citizen crimmigrated' subject as a subject non-liable to prioritized protection. Such a state-of-play provides a 'fertile' ground for new cross-mergers of crimmigration with public health policies. In this sense, the guaranteeing of rights cannot be implemented for all (Arendt 1943), even in situations of grea<sup>t</sup> risk and emergency. Although further research is needed, we may validly argue that the way public health policies have been amalgamated with penal, administrative and migration law processes indicates that health field may be used as an additive component to crimmigration as it helps the establishment of a concrete screening intensifying the already imposed migration controls. In addition, the official social controls imposed to combat the COVD-19 health crisis contribute to crimmigration through the intensification of the crimmigration regime and at the same time to a dangerous cul-de-sac.

**Author Contributions:** J.T. has contributed to the present paper in the sectors of conceptualization, methodology, writing—review and editing; A.C. has contributed to the present paper in the sectors of conceptualization, methodology and writing—review and editing; M.L. has contributed to the present paper in the sectors of conceptualization, methodology and writing—review and editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship and/or for this article.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** Not applicable.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
