*Article* **Spatiotemporal Analysis of Haze in Beijing Based on the Multi-Convolution Model**

**Lirong Yin 1, Lei Wang <sup>1</sup> , Weizheng Huang 2, Shan Liu <sup>2</sup> , Bo Yang <sup>2</sup> and Wenfeng Zheng 2,\***


**Abstract:** As a kind of air pollution, haze has complex temporal and spatial characteristics. From the perspective of time, haze has different causes and levels of pollution in different seasons. From the perspective of space, the concentration of haze in adjacent areas will affect each other, showing some correlation. In this paper, we construct a multi-convolution haze-level prediction model for predicting haze levels in different areas of Beijing, which uses the remote sensing satellite image of the Beijing divided into nine regions as input and the haze pollution level as output. We categorize the predictions into four seasons in chronological order and use frequency histograms to analyze haze levels in different regions in different seasons. The results show that the haze pollution in the southern regions is significantly different from that in the northern regions. In addition, the haze tends to be clustered in adjacent areas. We use Global Moran's *I* to analyze the predictions and find that haze is related to the geographical location in summer and autumn. We also use Local Moran's *I*, Moran scatter plot, and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) to study the spatial characteristics of haze in adjacent areas. The results show, for the spatial distribution of haze in Beijing, that the southern regions present a high-high agglomeration, while the northern regions exhibit a 'low-low agglomeration. The temporal evolution of haze on the seasonal scale, according to the chronological order of winter, spring, and summer to autumn, shows that the haze gradually becomes agglomerated. The main finding is that the haze pollution in southern Beijing is significantly different from that of northern regions, and haze tends to be clustered in adjacent areas.

**Keywords:** convolution neural network; Moran's *I*; LISA aggregation graph; haze; spatial autocorrelation
