*4.6. Statistical Analysis*

Multiple comparisons were performed using one-way or two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using GraphPad Prism. Student's t tests were performed using the built-in function in Microsoft Excel. The average is shown as the mean ± standard errors.

**Supplementary Materials:** The following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/article/10 .3390/ijms23010277/s1.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, Y.F. and H.M.; methodology, Y.F.; validation, Y.F.: formal analysis, Y.F.; investigation, Y.F., Y.N., N.M., S.M., R.K. and K.I.; resources, K.N. and I.O.; data curation, K.I.; writing—original draft preparation, Y.F., H.M. and M.Y.; writing—review and editing, Y.F., H.M. and M.Y.; visualization, Y.F.; supervision, Y.F. and M.Y.; project administration, Y.F.; funding acquisition, Y.F. and M.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This work was supported by grants from JSPS-KAKENHI (18K14060 and 20K15745 to Y.F.; 20H02532 to M.Y.) and JST, ACT-X Grant Number JPMJAX201C to Y.F.

**Acknowledgments:** We thank Priya Meesa at Duke University for reading and editing the manuscript. YF stayed at Duke University with financial support from the JSPS Program for Advancing Strategic International Networks to Accelerate the Circulation of Talented Researchers (R2801). KI stayed at Duke University with financial support from Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology as a student of the program for leading graduate schools in Japan.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
