*3.1. Clinical Outcomes*

The clinical outcomes, such as the Constant score, ASES Shoulder Score, VAS for pain and satisfaction, and ROM, improved significantly, both at one year postoperatively (*p* < 0.05) and at the last follow-up visit (*p* < 0.05) (Table 2).



Values reported as means (ranges). *p* values from two-sided exact Wilcoxon rank sum test between preoperative and 12-month follow-up (\*) and between preoperative and last follow-up (\*\*). ASES: American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons; n: number of patients; ROM: range of motion; VAS: visual analogue scale.
