**3. Results**

The more than 2-year results of 44 patients with aTSR and 51 patients with rTSR were analysed (Figure 1). The two groups were fairly similar demographically, in particular they had similar preoperative VAS, ASES, SPADI, DASH, and CS scores. The average age of aTSR patients was 77.33 ± 1.97 and of rTSR 82.10 ± 3.93 years (Table 1). In the aTSR group, 72% were female compared with 90% in the rTSR group. In the aTSR group, glenoid morphology from the Walch classification was 16 A1, 11 A2, 12 B1 and 5 B2. There were no B3 or C or D glenoids. Glenoid assessment from the Favard classification for the rTSR showed 17 E0, 11 E1, 6 E2, 15 E3 and 2 E4.

All 44 included patients for aTSR completed the 2-year follow-up (Figure 1). In the rTSR group, eight patients were not available at 2 years, resulting in 43 patients at this time point.

Prospectively collected preoperative and 2-year postoperative clinical assessments, ROM, and postsurgery satisfaction, are presented in Table 2. The preoperative and 2-year postoperative VAS pain scores, CS, and PROMs are presented in Table 3.


**Table 1.** Patient demographics and preoperative radiographic glenoid scores (Walch [14,15] and Favard [16] classification).

**Table 2.** Clinical range of motion assessment—external rotation (ER), active elevation (AE), stabilized scapular glenohumeral abduction (GH)—preoperative and at the 2-year follow-up mark and postsurgery satisfaction. The difference for each category from preoperative to 2-year postoperative is demonstrated with a delta (Δ). (Mann–Whitney and two-sample *t*-test: \* *p* < 0.05; \*\* *p* < 0.01; \*\*\* *p* < 0.001).


At 2 years, while the final scores had improved for both groups, the aTSR group had better results. The final VAS pain scores for both groups were less than one on the pain scale, with the aTSR group having slightly less pain. The ROM had improved (*p* = < 0.001) with active elevation up to 147 degrees for aTSR and 125 degrees for rTSR. Patient satisfaction was significantly higher for aTSR than for the rTSR group, at 97.5% versus 90.09% (*p* < 0.001), respectively. The improvement from the preoperative scores was overall better in the aTSR than the rTSR group (Table 3). The final CS in the aTSR group had improved 46 points to 75 compared with the rTSR group's improvement of 33 points to 56. The ASES showed comparative results (Tables 3 and 4).

**Table 3.** Patient assessment with VAS pain levels, ASES, DASH, SPADI and Constant scores preoperative and 2 years postoperative. The difference for each category from preoperative to 2 years postoperative is demonstrated with a delta (Δ). (Mann–Whitney and two-sample *t*-test: \* *p* < 0.05; \*\* *p* < 0.01; \*\*\* *p* < 0.001).


**Figure 1.** The CONSORT flowchart of the study. Pre- and post-operative assessment of range of motion (ROM), ASES, DASH, SPADI and Constant scores, and radiologic assessments.
