*2.2. Inclusion Criteria*

Studies that were included in this meta-analysis had to fulfil the following PICOS criteria: (1) Participants, patients with 18 years old or older requiring shoulder arthroplasty; (2) Intervention, tranexamic acid treatment; (3) Comparison, non-TXA treatment; (4) Outcomes, operative data and adverse events occurrence; (5) Study design, randomized controlled trials and retrospective trials comparing TXA and non-TXA care for their effects in patients with shoulder arthroplasty. Studies were excluded if they were reviews, animal studies, case reports, letters, conference or poster abstracts, or articles not containing original data.
