*2.2. Clinical Assessments*

Preoperatively, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), including the American shoulder and elbow surgeons (ASES) score [7,8], shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) [9,10], disability of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) scores [9,11], pain (VAS 0 = no pain-10 = severe pain), were recorded, together with the Constant score (CS) [12,13], and clinical range of motion (ROM) for all patients in the study.

Postoperatively, patients were clinically reviewed at 2-week, 6-week, 3-month, 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year time points. Pain levels and ROM were documented at 3 months, 1 year and 2 years. Active and passive ROM, CS, and PROMs were recorded at 1-year and 2- year follow-up. Satisfaction (scored from 0%—dissatisfied to 100%—totally satisfied) was also recorded.
