*3.2. Costs*

The total cost per case was 17,954 ± 3383 CHF (median, 17,433; range, 12,757–27,517 CHF) with an average direct cost of 8311 ± 1243 CHF (median, 8442; range, 5347–12,849 CHF).

## *3.3. Patient Value*

According to the patient value equation presented in the methods section, the quality of care delivered to patients was 1.3 ± 0.3 (median, 1.3; range, 0.6–2.0), and the associated cost was 1.0 ± 0.2 (median, 1.0; range, 0.7–1.6). Ninety patients (78%) had a quality of care ≥1.0 and 61 patients (53%) had a direct cost related to surgery ≤1.0 (Figure 2). No significant correlation was found between cost and quality (*r* = −0.17, CI = −0.34–0.02; *p* = 0.076). Considering these two dimensions, the average value delivered to patients was 1.3 ± 0.4 (median, 1.3; range, 0.5–2.5), with 91 patients (78%) equaling or exceeding 1.0 (Figure 1). Among the 55 patients with a cost >1.0, 36 (65%) had still a substantial delivered value owing to a high quality of care. Likewise, among the 26 patients with a quality of care <1.0, 5 (19%) had a substantial delivered value thanks to a lower cost than expected. The multivariable linear regression revealed that patient delivered value was significantly higher for non-smokers (beta, 0.12; 95%CI, 0.00–0.23; *p* = 0.044), patients operated with anatomic TSA (beta, 0.53; 95%CI, 0.39–0.66; *p* < 0.001), increased with higher (worse) preoperative VAS pain (beta for 10 points of VAS pain, 0.08; 95%CI, 0.06–0.11; *p* < 0.001) but reduced with higher pre-operative Constant score (beta for 10 points of Constant score, −0.06; 95%CI, −0.03–−0.10; *p* = 0.001).

**Figure 2.** Scatter plot illustrating cost versus quality measures with patient delivered value.
