*Article* **Integration of Photovoltaic-Based Transformerless High Step-Up Dual-Output–Dual-Input Converter with Low Power Losses for Energy Storage Applications**

**Belqasem Aljafari <sup>1</sup> , Senthil Kumar Ramu 2,\* , Gunapriya Devarajan <sup>3</sup> and Indragandhi Vairavasundaram <sup>4</sup>**


**Abstract:** The synchronous integration of numerous input and output loads is possible with multiinput (MI) and multi-output (MO) DC–DC converters. In this paper, the non-isolated DC–DC converter described, which has a high step-up capability and multiple ports for outputs and inputs for energy storage system (ESS) applications. The voltage level of the converter is changeable. The capacity to provide the large voltage increases with a low duty cycle portion, the ease with which each duty cycle can be controlled, and minimal power losses are all advantages of the proposed design. The proposed system offers advantages for applications requiring energy storage. In the continuous conduction mode (CCM), the operation principles, steady-state evaluation, and extracting of the voltage and current coefficients are performed. The supply sources can be inserted or withdrawn without causing a cross-regulation issue in the proposed converter. Ultimately, the functionality of the proposed structure is examined using simulation and the laboratory prototype that has been implemented. The proposed converter achieved 94.3% efficiency at maximum power. In addition, the proposed converter attained minimum losses with a difference of 28.5 W when compared to a conventional converter.

**Keywords:** multi-input multi-output; step-up converter; energy storage; DC–DC converter
