*2.4. Statistical Analysis*

To compare the KD and mortality curves based on species, sex, and treatment, Mantel– Cox log-rank tests including pairwise comparisons were carried out in SPSS (v. 15.0.1) for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).

Fisher's exact tests applying the Bonferroni correction method were used to examine treatment effects on mosquito fitness and F1 population size in *Cx. pipiens* and *Ae. albopictus.*

Generalised linear mixed models (GLMMs) were performed to determine how treatment and exposure time affected KD (Poisson error distribution and log-link function; MASS package in R) and percent protection (Gaussian error distribution and identity link function; nlme package in R). The identity of the study participant was included as a random factor. When overall significant differences were detected, pairwise comparisons were performed using *t*-tests with pooled standard deviations and the Bonferroni correction method.

The alpha level was 0.05 for all the statistical analyses.
