*2.2. Literature Review*

In January 2021, a literature search was performed on PubMed and BioMed Central databases using the search terms "mosquito", "WHO", and "tube" on both PubMed and BioMed Central. Results were sorted by relevance; 49 results were returned in PubMed, and 1483 results (of which a sample of the first 740 (~50%) were screened as a representative sample) were returned in BioMed Central using these search terms. Of the publications selected for inclusion in this way, 35 came from PubMed and 57 from BioMed Central. Duplicates were excluded, and further publications were excluded to allow for the comparison of methodology and mortality data between publications, including:


A second search was performed using "mosquito", "WHO", "susceptibility", and "bioassay" to account for alternative ways of referring to the bioassay, but no additional publications were identified. This left 61 publications to be included in the analysis, as detailed in Figure 1.

The same information was then extracted from the identified publications as was extracted from the test procedures as well as:


Details of all identified publications are given in Supplementary File S1.

**Figure 1.** Flow diagram describing methodology of the literature review.

#### *2.3. Experimental Investigation of Parameters*
