*2.6. Statistical Analysis*

Graphical output was generated using R version 4.0.5 using the ggplot2 package and Microsoft Excel. Spray data for both track and manual spraying were not normally distributed, even after transformation with either log10 or square root methods. Therefore, untransformed data were used with non-parametric tests for statistical analysis. Significance between spray categories was evaluated using the Kruskal–Wallis method, incorporating Dunn's correction for multiple comparisons, with an alpha of 0.05. Unpaired, 2-tailed *t*-test was used to compare time taken to spray a downwards swath vs. an upwards swath.

A fluorimetry calibration was performed with each trial, and data were corrected accordingly prior to analysis. The fluorescein spray data were analysed with and without overlap points, due to the assumed greater inherent variability in the overlap spray zones. Comparisons between the insecticide concentration and the target dose, and subsequently the corrected target dose, were performed using one-sample Wilcoxon signed rank tests. Analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel, R version 4.0.5, and GraphPad Prism v7.03.
