*2.4. Consensus Mechanisms*

In the blockchain network, the consensus mechanism is a set of rules designed to guarantee that all participants adhere to the same set of rules. The protocol ensures that each participant's consent is used to carry out transactions to the distributed ledger [39]. A public blockchain is a decentralised technology, and no central authority is responsible for governing the necessary action. For this reason, the blockchain network requires the permission of network participants to verify and authenticate the activities taking place in the network. The entire process is executed by consensus amongs<sup>t</sup> network members, which makes blockchain a trustworthy, secure, and efficient technology for digital transactions. Different consensus frameworks follow different standards that allow participants in the network to comply with these rules. To address the concerns of safe digital transactions, several consensus processes have been implemented. A few consensus protocols employed by major cryptocurrencies are PoW, PoS and delegated PoS (DPoS).
