*Article* **Time-Domain Dynamic Characteristics Analysis and Experimental Research of Tri-Stable Piezoelectric Energy Harvester**

**Xuhui Zhang 1,2,\* , Luyang Chen <sup>1</sup> , Xiaoyu Chen 1,3, Fulin Zhu <sup>1</sup> and Yan Guo <sup>1</sup>**


**Abstract:** In order to explore the dynamic characteristics of the linear-arch beam tri-stable piezoelectric energy harvester (TPEH), a magnetic force model was established by the magnetic dipole method, and the linear-arch composite beam nonlinear restoring force model was obtained through experiments. Based on the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, a system dynamic model is established, and the influence of the horizontal distance, vertical distance and excitation acceleration of magnets on the dynamic characteristics of the system is simulated and analyzed. Moreover, the correctness of the theoretical results is verified by experiments. The results show that the system can be mono-stable, bi-stable and tri-stable by adjusting the horizontal or vertical spacing of the magnets under proper excitation. The potential well of the system in the tri-stable state is shallow, and it is easier to achieve a large-amplitude response. Increasing the excitation level is beneficial for the large-amplitude response of the system. This study provides theoretical guidance for the design of linear-arch beam TPEH.

**Keywords:** linear-arch beam; tri-stable piezoelectric energy harvester; nonlinear magnetic force; dynamic modeling
