**2. Method**

*2.1. Participants*

The data for this study were collected through a web-based platform named Questionnaire Star from 13 December to 21 December 2021. We shared the questionnaire link or a QR code to the respondents through WeChat (a popular social software in China). The

informed consent form was given to the respondents before they started to complete the questionnaires. The respondents participated voluntarily and completed questionnaires anonymously. A total of 420 respondents completed the questionnaire, but data from 16 of them were excluded because they reported a weekly running frequency of 0 times.

Table 1 shows the demographic information of the respondents. More than half of the runners were male (269 or 66.6%). Most of the runners were 18 to 44 years old (368 or 91.1%). Most of the respondents were unmarried (251 or 62.1%), and more than 35% of the participants were married. More than half of the runners owned a college or university educational level (284 or 70.3%), and a smaller proportion had a high school or below educational level (27 or 6.7%). Nearly half of the participants had an annual income over the US \$3001 (198 or 49%). Moreover, most runners owned a membership in a running group (277 or 68.6%).


**Table 1.** Respondent's profile (*n* = 404).
