*2.1. Study Sample*

The data came from the Gallup World Poll, which has collected nationally representative samples from NZ since 2006. Each year, randomly selected participants (aged 15 and older) have been contacted via landline and/or mobile telephones for participation in the survey. New Zealand sample sizes are approximately 500 to 2000 for each year, with an average of 982 per year across international data. We used all available data from 2006 to 2017 in the present analyses, consisting of 10,799 participants (57.4% females, *<sup>M</sup>*age = 50.174, *SD*age = 18.655) which is an average of 900 across the waves. The age distribution of all participants across all years (2006 to 2017) is shown in Figure 1.

**Figure 1.** Age distribution (*N* = 10,799).
