**4. Discussion**

Based on the analysis of the average effect, LCS could not improve the life satisfaction of Chinese older adults. This may be because the companionship and care by community workers can improve the physical and mental health of the elderly [39] but cannot replace the care and concern from their families [40]. Compared with older adults in developed countries, Chinese older adults care more about the "feeling of home" and look forward to sharing the joy of family with their offspring. The sense of belonging that family brings to Chinese older adults is stronger, which also reflects the vital need for affection in later life [41]. Additionally, due to the high workforce and professional requirements inherent in LCS, the current supply level and service quality of LCS are low and cannot meet the needs of the elderly in their daily lives.

The significant and low impact of MCS on Chinese older adults' life satisfaction only in the kernel match may be related to the lower quality of MCS. Although a proportion of Chinese older adults with milder chronic diseases choose and receive community homebased MCS, when Chinese older adults have significant illnesses or are more limited in their daily living activities the majority still prefer to receive more specialized medical treatment in hospitals or elderly services, while only a few of them will choose community-provided MCS [42].

SCS and RLS significantly increased the life satisfaction of Chinese older adults in all three matching approaches, with a high degree of impact. This may be due to the fact that, on the one hand, with the rapid socioeconomic development, the family space has been extended and children are away from their parents for various reasons [43]. Meanwhile, retirement has removed the elderly from their original work environments, and changing social roles have brought an unprecedented sense of isolation [5]. Additionally, due to the difference in cognitive level and social adaptability, Chinese older adults are more likely to suffer from legal incidents such as fraud [44]. Therefore, their demands can easily be satisfied with SCS and RLS. On the other hand, both services require less energy and

professionalism from community workers. Based on the existing community managemen<sup>t</sup> foundation of "neighborhood committees" in China, these two services are more easily developed.

Based on the analysis of the heterogeneous effect, the four types of CHECS did not have a significant impact on the life satisfaction of the elderly with restricted ADL. MCS, SCS, and RLS had a significant impact on the life satisfaction of the elderly with unrestricted ADL. Based on Maslow's theory of needs, only when the lower-level needs are satisfied can the higher-level needs subsequently arise [27]. For the elderly with restricted ADL, they need LCS the most, and other services do not help much to improve their life satisfaction. The current quantity and quality of LCS provided by the community are a little bit lower and cannot meet the needs of the elderly in their daily lives. This also indicates that LCS in China needs to be improved to better achieve the expected goal of promoting CHECS. Regarding depression levels, the four types of CHECS had no significant effect on the life satisfaction of Chinese older adults with higher depression levels. SCS and RLS had a significant impact on the life satisfaction of Chinese older adults with lower levels of depression. The degree of impact of SCS was higher than that of RLS. This may be because Chinese older adults with higher levels of depression are prone to the idea that "the elderly are useless" and tend to fall into self-denial [45], close themselves off, and limit their participation in community activities. Their families should offer more care and attention to the elderly and actively seek help from professional counselors to ensure that they become happier as they age. Conversely, Chinese older adults with unrestricted ADL and lower levels of depression were able to participate more actively in community-provided recreational activities, health talks, and other activities since they were more capable of taking care of themselves, and these activities enriched their spiritual life and enhance their life satisfaction.

In terms of living conditions, the four types of CHECS had no significant effect on the life satisfaction of the elderly living alone. LCS, SCS, and RLS had a significant impact on the life satisfaction of Chinese older adults living with their families. The elderly living alone, lacking a warm family atmosphere, felt helpless and lonely, and their emotions could not be satisfied. Although CHECS improve the living conditions of the elderly in all aspects, they cannot replace the companionship and comfort of family members [40] and thus do not have a significant effect on the life satisfaction of Chinese older adults living alone. In contrast, elderly people who do not live alone have the company of their spouses or children and spend their old age in a familiar environment, which is in line with their expectations. Additionally, frequent contact with family members has a protective effect on their psychological health [46]. After satisfying the need for children's companionship, the services provided by the community further enrich the lives of the elderly and enhance their life satisfaction.
