*2.2. Measures*

*Material Values Scale—Short Form* [43,44]. The scale consists of 15 items that measure "the importance ascribed to the ownership and acquisition of material goods" [43] (p. 210). The items are rated from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree): for example, "I admire people who own expensive homes, cars, and clothes" (current Cronbach *α* = 0.85).

*Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS)* [45,46]. The SWLS is a five-item scale that measures general life satisfaction. The items are rated from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree) (current Cronbach α = 0.84).

*Kindness* [26]. The scale of three items refers to the motivation, recognition, and behavior components of kindness, e.g., "I am always thinking that I wish to be kind and help other people in daily life". The items are rated from 1 (not at all) to 5 (a grea<sup>t</sup> deal) (Cronbach *α* = 0.73). This scale was used only in the pretest.

*Aspiration Index* [24,47]. The Aspiration Index is a 35-item scale. Each subscale (current Cronbach alphas: self-acceptance, *α* = 0.70; affiliation, *α* = 0.91; community feeling, *α* = 0.80; social recognition, *α* = 0.90; appealing appearance, *α* = 0.78; financial success, *α* = 0.90; physical fitness, subscale omitted) consisted of five items. We calculated an extrinsic aspiration index (the relative centrality of extrinsic values, with a high score reflecting increased materialism) by subtracting the importance a subject placed on all six aspirations from the importance that the individual placed on the three extrinsic domains [20].

*Intention to make an impulsive purchase.* A self-designed four-item scale (e.g., "I would buy those shoes") rated on a 7-point Likert scale, with different anchors in each question used to measure the intention to purchase an item (current Cronbach *α* = 0.92). The item in question could be exchanged for a different one if needed. The current study measured the probability of shoe purchases in an imagined situation. To describe this situation, we used the following vignette created by Peifer, Chugani, and Roos [48]:

Imagine you are walking past a store and happen to see an attractive pair of casual shoes in the window. They cost about as much as you'd expect them to. You already own a good pair that you are happy with, but you love the style of the new ones you see.

*Demographic questionnaire.* The participants were asked about their age and education level.
