*2.4. Fasting Glycemic, Lipid, and Hepatic Biomarkers in the Fasting State*

There were no significant differences in glycemic, lipid, and hepatic parameters in the fasting state between the two groups (Table 2).


**Table 2.** Glycemic, lipid, and hepatic markers over time within and between groups.

Total Chol, total cholesterol; LDLc, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDLc, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasic model assessment of insulin resistance; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase. † *n* = 56; *n* = 53 for fasting insulin; *n* = 53 for HOMA-IR. <sup>1</sup> A repeated-measures ANOVA with two factors (treatment, post-pre phase) was performed to compare changes over time (post-pre) between groups. Mean <sup>±</sup> SD pre-intervention (at beginning of 12-week trial) and post-intervention (at end of 12-week trial). <sup>2</sup> *<sup>p</sup>*-value to compare changes over time from the baseline to 12 weeks (pre vs. post) within each group (placebo or brown seaweed extract). <sup>3</sup> *p*-value to compare change over time (pre vs. post) between groups (placebo vs. brown seaweed extract).
