2.1.1. Plasma Lipids Study 1

Given the difference in metabolic flexibility between participants who are overweight and obese, a secondary analysis was conducted for the change scores calculated per treatment group for both overweight and obese groups. The overweight participants had a mean baseline total cholesterol of 5.5 mmol/L (all groups) and there was a significant decrease in non-HDL cholesterol (−10%) in the 2 g dose group (*p =* 0.02) and a trend toward a reduction in the atherogenic index (−50%) in the 2 g dose group (*p =* 0.05) (Figure 1) determined by ANOVA. There were no significant effects in the obese group who started the trial with a slightly lower baseline mean total cholesterol of 5.1 mmol/L (all groups).


**Table 3.** Baseline for overweight and obese participants per treatment group in Study 1.

Data presented as median, 25th and 75th percentile. SXRG—sulfated xylorhamnoglucuronan, HDL—high-density lipoprotein, LDL—low-density lipoprotein, TG—triglyceride, CRP—C-reactive protein, OGTT—oral glucose tolerance test. <sup>1</sup> Log-transformed variable. \* Nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test. § *n* = 9 for overweight 2-h insulin due to missing data (Placebo = 3, 2 g = 3, and 4 g = 3). ‡ *n* = 7 for obese 2-h insulin due to missing data (Placebo = 2, 2 g = 2, and 4 g = 3).

**Figure 1.** The mean change in non-HDL cholesterol and the atherogenic index of plasma after six weeks of treatment for each of the placebo and active treatments in the overweight participants. *n* = 30 (Placebo = 11, 2 g = 10, and 4 g = 9). Standard error bars shown. \* Significant at *p* < 0.05.
