**2. Methods**

During the period between December 2021 and June 2022, separate database searches were conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, American Chemical Society (ACS), MDPI, Elsevier, and SpringerLink using various relevant keywords and combinations of keywords, such as "Sea cucumber" + "Anti inflammatory", "Sea urchin" + "Anti inflammatory", and "Starfish" + "Anti inflammatory". The inclusion criteria encompassed only original research articles published in the English language between 2010 and 2022. Editorials, review articles, and any duplicated publications were excluded. As a final step in the screening process, we included only studies thoroughly aligned with the theme of this review. For easier readership and referencing, the review is divided into sections according to the three types of echinoderms and subsections describing the anti-inflammatory activities of the various compounds that originate from them.
