**1. Introduction**

Inflammation is an innate immune response to a variety of stimuli, such as infections and tissue injury. The onset of inflammation is characterized by the secretion of several types of chemokines, including cytokines and chemoattractants, which draw leukocytes to the site of injury or infection through the process of extravasation. The immune function of inflammation is mediated by several classes of soluble antimicrobial peptides, including defensins, cathelicidins, marginins, and C-reactive proteins (CRP), and immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells. All these components of inflammation combine and stimulate opsonization and phagocytosis to clear infections. Phagocytosis and opsonization are induced by several classes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species induced in neutrophils by the activation of specific signaling pathways [1–3]. The process of acute inflammation is necessary to fight infection and tissue injury. However, there are several physiological conditions in which the process of inflammation is persistently stimulated, leading to chronic disease [4,5]. Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases are diverse and manifest in several conditions, such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease [6,7].
