**4. Discussion**

In this paper, MODIS land-use data and NDVI data were used to acquire the underlying surface vegetation types and analyze the distribution of the seasonal variation of GVF over the TP. The geographical location and underlying surface conditions had a grea<sup>t</sup> impact on the exchange of surface energy flux. In general, during the vegetation growth period on the TP, the three stations with a higher GVF (BJ, NAMORS, and SETORS), recorded a lower surface albedo, resulting in a decrease in *Rsu* and an increase in *Rn*. The radiation energy was absorbed by the large number of plants and by the soil. Moreover, evaporation from the land surface and vegetation increased, resulting in intensive latent heat exchange. The LE increased rapidly in summer, and played a leading role in surface energy transfer. However, in the low GVF areas (NADORS and QOMS), the surface albedo was always high, causing the surface energy exchange to be dominated by sensible heat. We also found that the relationship between energy distribution and the underlying surface in the MAWORS site area was different from the above mentioned. The MAWORS station is located in the west of the TP, and the underlying vegetation is sparse, but the value of LE was always higher than H throughout the year. The reasons for this phenomenon need further study. After comparative analysis with the observational data, we found that the ERA-5 data have good applicability in the TP. The discrepancy between the ERA-5 radiation data and underlying surface energy flux data was higher in spring and lower in summer over the TP. We preliminarily analyzed the surface radiation and energy variation characteristics of six flux sites in different regions of the TP, and considered the impact of underlying vegetation coverage and land-use types on the energy distribution. However, the contribution of different regions' energy transfer ratios needs to be further examined. The use of ERA-5 reanalysis data to analyze the differences in energy distribution in different regions of the TP also requires further research.
