**5. Conclusions**

Based on the observational data from six stations (BJ, MAWORS, NADORS, NAMORS, QOMS, and SETORS) on the TP, the surface energy variation and energy distribution were studied. The ERA-5 Land data were used to study the regional energy changes of the TP after error analysis, and the following results were obtained:


**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, X.W. and J.M.; methodology, X.W.; software, X.W.; validation, J.M., M.L. and S.L.; formal analysis, J.M.; investigation, J.M.; resources, X.W., X.Z., X.Y. and M.C.; data curation, X.W.; writing—original draft preparation, J.M.; writing—review and editing, X.W.; visualization, J.M.; supervision, X.W.; project administration, X.W.; funding acquisition, X.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research was funded by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP) (grant number 2019QZKK010304), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 41975096), and the Innovation Team Fund of Southwest Regional Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration (no gran<sup>t</sup> number).

**Data Availability Statement:** A long-term (2005-2016) dataset of hourly integrated land–atmosphere interaction observations on the Tibetan Plateau (https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2937-2020, accessed 20 July 2021). ERA5-Land data (10.24381/cds.68d2bb30, accessed on 15 September 2021). MOD13A3 Level 3 monthly 1 km vegetation indices data (https://appeears.earthdatacloud.nasa. gov/task/area, accessed on 30 September 2021).

**Acknowledgments:** The authors thank the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS, for the longterm (2005–2016) radiation observation data, and the ECMWF for the ERA5-Land reanalysis data that provided support for this study.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
