*Article* **Three-Dimensional Analysis of Posterior Mandibular Displacement in Rats**

**Ioannis Lyros 1,\* , Efstratios Ferdianakis <sup>1</sup> , Demetrios Halazonetis <sup>1</sup> , Theodoros Lykogeorgos <sup>2</sup> , Antigoni Alexiou <sup>1</sup> , Konstantina-Eleni Alexiou <sup>3</sup> , Maria Georgaki <sup>4</sup> , Emmanouil Vardas <sup>4</sup> , Zafeiroula Yfanti <sup>3</sup> and Apostolos I. Tsolakis 1,5**


**Abstract:** Mandibular protrusion and its treatment is challenging for the orthodontist. The aim of the present research was to identify macroscopic changes in the mandible, based on three-dimensional Cone Beam Computed Tomography analysis. Seventy-two male Wistar rats were divided into two equal groups, experimental (group A) and control (group B). Each consisted of three equal subgroups of 12 rats (A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3). Full-cast orthodontic intraoral devices were attached to the maxillary incisors of the experimental animals, and effected functional posterior mandibular displacement. Throughout the experimental period, all animals were fed with mashed food. Animals were sacrificed at 30 days (A1, B1), 60 days (A2, B2) and 90 days (A3, B3). At the 60th day of the experiment, the orthodontic devices were removed from the remaining experimental subgroup A3. Measurements revealed significant differences in the anteroposterior dimensions between experimental and control subgroups. However, the observed changes in the vertical dimensions, Condylion/Go'–Menton and the Intercondylar distance proved insignificant. Posterior mandibular displacement of the mandible in growing rats affects the morphology of the mandible and culminates in the development of a smaller mandible at a grown age.

**Keywords:** mandibular growth; mandibular posterior displacement; mandibular length; condylar growth; rat; class III malocclusion; orthodontic treatment
