*2.1. Materials*

The waste materials such as fly ash, quarry dust, marble dust, ESP, and RHA were collected from local dealers in Rajapalayam, Tamilnadu, India. Figure 1 shows the mixtures of all waste materials used in this study. The chemical composition of raw materials is shown in Table 1.

**Figure 1.** Waste materials: (**a**) class-C fly ash, (**b**) addition of ESP, (**c**) addition of marble dust, (**d**) quarry dust addition, and (**e**) RHA addition.


**Table 1.** Raw materials' chemical composition (% by weight).
