*Proceeding Paper* **Investigation of the Electrical Properties of Graphene-Reinforced Geopolymer Composites †**

**R. S. Krishna 1,2,\* , Suman Saha <sup>3</sup> , Kinga Korniejenko <sup>4</sup> , Tanvir S. Qureshi <sup>5</sup> and Syed Mohammed Mustakim <sup>6</sup>**


**Abstract:** Geopolymer composites provide an environmentally friendly alternative to cement-based composites in the construction industry. Due to their distinctive material composition, geopolymers also exhibit electrically conductive properties, which permit their application as a functional material. The current work aims to study the distinctive electrical properties of fly-ash-based geopolymer composites. Varying dosages of graphene oxide (i.e., 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4% (by wt. of binder)) were introduced into the geopolymer matrix to enhance electrical conductivity. While GO (graphene oxide) is typically less conductive, the interaction of GO sheets with the alkaline solution during geopolymerisation reduced the functional groups and produced cross-linked rGO (reduced graphene oxide) sheets with increased mechanical and electrical conductivity properties. Solid-state impedance spectroscopy was used to characterize the electrical properties of geopolymer composites in terms of several parameters, such as impedance, electrical conductivity and dielectric properties, within the frequency ranging from 10<sup>1</sup> to 10<sup>5</sup> Hz. The relationship between the electrical properties and graphene oxide reinforcement can effectively establish geopolymer composite development as smart materials with desirable functionality. The results suggest an effective enhancement in electrical conductivity of up to 7.72 <sup>×</sup> <sup>10</sup>−<sup>13</sup> <sup>Ω</sup>·mm−<sup>1</sup> and the dielectric response performance of graphene-reinforced fly-ash-based geopolymer composites.

**Keywords:** geopolymer composite; graphene; electrical conductivity; electrical property; microstructure
