*4.3. Iceland*

Iceland has had its own system for low-carbon concrete qualification since 2009. At the ICI Rheocenter at IBRI and Reykjavík University, special carbon classes have been defined for concrete, taking into account their EPDs [11].

Such a classification can be useful for evaluating the environmental friendliness of concrete, but conventional, vibrated concrete was then estimated to release 400 kg CO2/m3. However, this value has decreased somewhat as the carbon footprint of cement has continuously decreased. According to the Icelandic classification, the original low carbon concrete classes (LCCC) are given in Table 7. It is now a relatively simple system, as when one specifies the concrete, the LCCC is just added after the strength and durability classification, ex. C25/30 FX2 LCC200, meaning the carbon footprint of this concrete should not exceed 200 kg CO2/m3.

**Table 7.** Icelandic classification system for LCC [11].


<sup>1</sup> LKS is a seldom-used acronym for low-carbon footprint concrete; LCC is usually applied.
