*2.2. Satellite Datasets*

For vegetation mapping in heterogeneous land-cover (LC) areas, multitemporal (MT) satellite imagery is used to characterize phenological changes in vegetation LC classes, instead of using single-date imagery [19]. Therefore, SAR and optical satellite imagery from each temperate season have been used in this research. The SAR data are described in Section 2.2.1; the optical satellite imagery is elaborated in Section 2.2.2; ancillary features derived from SAR and optical imagery are introduced in Section 2.2.3, and topographic data used in different classification scenarios is described in Section 2.2.4.
