3.2.5. Cluster 5 (Circular Business Model and Mechanism)

In this cluster, the results of the analysis produce various keywords related to the business model and business activity associated with innovation. A circular economy business model is a business model innovation that can affect organizational growth and sustainability [81,82]. The application of the circular business model can be implemented to strengthen the circular supply chain and value proposition [21]. Furthermore, organizations need to improve information communication technology considering that the circular economy requires digitalization and the strengthening of dynamic capabilities [83]. Following the input-process-output logic, all processes from building a sustainable business model, adopting technology, forming an entrepreneurial ecosystem to innovating an ecosystem and a product service system will have implications for increasing social enterprise, social innovation (which ultimately results in profitability), sustainable growth, and sustainable competitive advantage [84].

3.2.6. Cluster 6 (Aligning the Circular Economy for Sustainable Energy Development)

The literature reveals that the circular economy is an important transition in increasing environmental awareness [46]. With various ways to apply it to all industrial sectors, circular economy practices are expected to stimulate the environmental value proposition [85] and become a new business model [82]. In cluster 6, there are links between numerous variables that can be explored more deeply in relation to the circular economy. A circular economy applied to various industrial sectors will harmonize sustainable development [86,87]. In addition, the ecosystem formed from the circular economy transition allows for an energy transition for sustainable development. A sustainable energy transition leads to regional developments that can mitigate risks, encourage green development, and minimize the effects of industrialization. On the other hand, the development of information technology allows the government to build smart cities to improve the sustainable energy transition [88], circular bioeconomy, and climate change mitigation towards sustainability [86]. Thus, the proposed operation to increase the efficient solar energy system is an alternative energy solution to meet energy needs in the context of economic and environmental growth [89].
