*Article* **Analysis of Selected Service Industries in Terms of the Use of Photovoltaics before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic**

**Sylwester Kaczmarzewski 1,\*, Dominika Matuszewska <sup>2</sup> and Maciej Sołtysik <sup>3</sup>**


**Abstract:** Previous analyses of the PV market (and the impact of the pandemic on it) have focused on the market as a whole. The literature does not contain analyses of selected services sectors (e.g., catering, hotel services) in terms of the use of photovoltaics. There are no studies that would show in which segments the demand profile for electricity most closely matches the production from photovoltaic installations (not to mention the impact of the pandemic). The authors analyzed selected service sectors (catering and hotel) in terms of the use of photovoltaics before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper proposes a comparative methodology for the use of photovoltaics for self-consumption, including statistical analyses and calculations of the self-consumption index for representatives of various selected services sectors. The highest value of the self-consumption ratio at the level of 52% was shown for cafes and restaurants (during the pandemic). Surprisingly, in the pandemic, the self-consumption rate increased for restaurants and cafes for the same size of installations (compared to pre-pandemic times).

**Keywords:** photovoltaic (PV); renewable energy source (RES); solar photovoltaic; self-consumption; COVID-19; Poland; energy consumption
