*2.2. Ecological Regulation of Energy Consumption*

In addition to environmental or social problems, which are associated with a significant increase in the world's population and have a negative impact on the environment, another problem that encourages countries to actively use renewable energy sources is the depletion of natural resources.

The ecological preconditions for the problems of the depletion of natural resources and environmental pollution are identical, and the ecological footprint of society exceeds the planet's ability to regenerate [27].

EU member states and other countries using economic methods to achieve environmental security have the opportunity to implement strategic environmental goals of sustainable development, which, according to research, helps to approximate economic methods of environmental management [28]. At the same time, there is currently no unified approach to selecting economic tools in environmental management in the EU; each country independently determines the appropriate instruments and approaches to environmental regulation in the energy sector [29].

The implementation of the European experience in Ukraine, particularly the mechanism of environmental taxation, is a difficult process, given the differences between European and Ukrainian approaches to taxation. In the EU, the vast majority of the objects of taxation are energy resources, vehicles and certain groups of goods, and the main principle is indirect taxation. In Ukraine, the object of taxation is the volume of emissions with harmful effects on the environment, and the established rent for the use of natural resources is a fiscal rather than an eco-incentive tool [30].

However, despite the significant amount of research in the field of environmental regulation of energy consumption, the relationship between research on the environmental component of the economy, the sustainability of the energy sector and the regulation of eco-innovative energy consumption remains controversial and little studied.

Despite a number of scientific works and achievements in the theory and practice of using tools to stimulate the mechanisms of renewable energy in a decentralised environment, some issues need further study. It is necessary to study models of decarbonisation, systematise their advantages and disadvantages and make proposals for a hybrid integrated approach to energy decarbonisation policy in Ukraine, which would combine existing models and have a national orientation, given the force majeure of Ukraine's war-torn economy. Research and proposals on renovation programmes in energy-intensive sectors, primarily in the coal industry in the old industrial regions of Ukraine, are relevant.
