3.2.4. Cluster 4 (Environmental Process and Its Impacts)

The available literature has revealed that the circular economy is the process of reworking the various outcomes of a linear economy to reduce the use of resources [40,76]. Reductions in carbon emission, resource consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions are a pattern in arranging eco-efficiency, environmental protection [77], and energy conservation [78]. As is well known, energy consumption, energy efficiency, energy intensity, and energy saving involve the implementation of environmental regulations that have an impact on economic development and economic growth [17,77]. In fact, countries that are concerned about efforts to preserve the environment obtain investment faster so that they can sustainably carry out green product innovation, green technology innovation, green total factor production, and green development [79]. Assuming that all resource allocations are effective, the circular economy transition will have an effect on changes in technological innovation, technological progress, productivity [80], and industrial development [4]. Thus, the relationship between energy consumption, economic growth, and climate change depends on parameters that vary over time, which are observed and debated through political implications [23].
