*2.3. Q-Sorting and Factor Analysis*

Q-Sorting is the task of placing Q-Samples in a Q-sorting response table for P-Samples. To this end, a forced sorting method was applied in which 20 P-Samples were classified one by one according to the degree to which they positively or negatively agree with the concept and thoughts of the "0th-period PE class" [33]. The specific Q-Sorting process is as follows. From 1 December 2021 to 31 December 2022, Q-Sorting was conducted for P-Sample. Specifically, due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, it was conducted through non-faceto-face video conferencing (ZOOM). The Q-Sorting method was sufficiently described to each respondent. In addition, after P-Sample read Q-Sample, the most positive (+4) to most negative (−4) questions were placed at both extremes one by one. Next, the positive, negative, and neutral questions were divided into three groups and placed in the positive (+) to negative (−3). Finally, the contents of the reasons for placing them in the questions of both extremes were written, and interviews were conducted in the background [29]. Regarding this procedure, consent to participate in the study was received before the study began. The distribution frame and score composition of the Q population are shown in Figure 1.

are shown in Figure 1.

to 2 [35,36].

**3. Results**  As a result of the parent's subjectivity in the "0th-period PE class", a total of 4 types were extracted. The eigenvalue, explanatory variance ratio, and correlation results for each type are as follows. Next, four types of parents' perceptions of "0th-period PE class" were presented. The processing of the collected data was analyzed using the PQ method (VERSION 2.35) program [34]. Factor analysis was conducted through the centroid method, and factor rotation was analyzed through the Varimax rotation method [35]. To determine the ideal number of factors, only factors with an eigenvalue of 1.0 or more were extracted, and the optimal number of types was calculated by entering the number of factors from 7 to 2 [35,36].

non-face-to-face video conferencing (ZOOM). The Q-Sorting method was sufficiently described to each respondent. In addition, after P-Sample read Q-Sample, the most positive (+4) to most negative (−4) questions were placed at both extremes one by one. Next, the positive, negative, and neutral questions were divided into three groups and placed in the positive (+) to negative (−3). Finally, the contents of the reasons for placing them in the questions of both extremes were written, and interviews were conducted in the background [29]. Regarding this procedure, consent to participate in the study was received before the study began. The distribution frame and score composition of the Q population

The processing of the collected data was analyzed using the PQ method (VERSION 2.35) program [34]. Factor analysis was conducted through the centroid method, and factor rotation was analyzed through the Varimax rotation method [35]. To determine the ideal number of factors, only factors with an eigenvalue of 1.0 or more were extracted,
