4.1.2. Questionnaire Validity Test

Validity testing involves the measurement of the validity of the questionnaire research data: whether the results obtained through the questionnaire are true and whether the respondents' evaluations are objective. For questionnaire validity tests, structural validity is used, and the results reflect the accuracy of the questionnaire items. Structural validity reflects the relationship between the questionnaire measurement results and the measured items. The two indicators of structural validity are the KMO and Bartlett's sphericity test. The coefficients of the KMO range from 0 to 1; the closer the coefficient is to one, the higher the validity of the questionnaire. Bartlett's sphericity test result needs to be less than 0.01. We imported the questionnaire into SPSSAU for analysis, finding a KMO value of 0.926 and Bartlett's sphericity test result of 0.000, which indicated that the structural validity of the questionnaire was excellent and all the factors had a strong correlation (Table 5). According to Bartlett's sphericity check, the significance of this check is infinitely close to zero. Therefore, the questionnaire has appropriate validity and meets the conditions of applicability for factor analysis.
