**3. Methodology**

*3.1. Participants*

The participants (n = 372) were classified into two categories—teachers and students—in accordance with the two proposed models. This two-level selection was based on certain influential factors. First, participants were identified as having sufficient experience in using e-learning platforms. Second, two different surveys were prepared and distributed to the two targeted groups of participants. The two surveys may have had similar and shared questions, but the teachers' survey may have had additional questions that the students' survey may have lacked. Responses were received from 372 participants. Therefore, the total number of teacher participants in this study was 30. These were college instructors with a nearly equal female-to-male gender ratio. On the other hand, the total number of student participants was 342. These were students at The British University in Dubai (BUiD).
