*3.2. Testing Research Hypothesis 2*

Figure 8 shows pictures of the actual stadium and PBL classrooms used by our students when they completed the scale of transactional distance survey.

**Figure 8.** Pictures of stadium and PBL classrooms used in this research.

The results of analyzing that data with an independent-samples *t*-test are given in Table 5. The result of Levene's Test for Equality of variances indicated that equality of variances could not be assumed for TDSS, TDSC, and TDSTECH. Thus, the significance levels of the tests for these factors had to be obtained from the "Equal variances not assumed" rows of the table.

The results of the *t*-tests indicated that there was a significant difference between the transactional distance between student and student in the two rooms (*p* < 0.002). There was also a marginal statistical difference in SATISFACTION between the two rooms (*p* < 0.078). Thus, H20 is not supported for TDST or for SATISFACTION at a level of significance of 0.078.


**Table 5.** Independent-samples *t*-test for PBL vs. stadium classrooms.
