2.4.2. Chlorophylls

Chlorophylls are pigments which contain in their structure a central magnesium ion, playing a functional role in the algae photosynthesis process but also a protective role ensuring the algal tissue integrity against oxidative stress that may be excessive UV radiation [37]. Terrestrial plants and brown algae are dominated by chl a, while chl b is mainly related to green algae. Additionally, brown algae are considered the main source of chl c, while chl d is specific to red algae [59]. Chlorophyll is known to be converted into pheophytin, pyropheophytin, and pheo-phorbide in processed vegetable food and following ingestion by humans. These derivates show antioxidant and antimutagenic e ffect and may play a significant role in cancer prevention [17]. Beside the biological activities and health e ffects of the di fferent chlorophyll catabolites, the seaweeds can also be considered as an alternative to replace the synthetic pigments used in the food industry.
