**5. Patents**

Patent registered in Japan for the myopia induction model (#WO2018/164113 by K.T., T.K., S.-i.I., and X.J.) and patent pending internationally. Patent registered in Japan for inhibition of myopia by altering the gu<sup>t</sup> microbiota, including lactoferrin (#WO/2019/093262 by K.T., T.K., and S.I.) and patent pending internationally. K.T. reports his position as CEO of Tsubota Laboratory, Inc., a company aimed at developing products for the treatment for myopia. H.T., T.K, and K.T. own unlisted stocks of Tsubota Laboratory.

**Author Contributions:** K.T. and T.K. conceived the concept of the study and supervised the study. S.-I.I. carried out all experiments and wrote the manuscript. X.J., M.T., and H.T. developed and prepared the LIM mice and measured their axial length and refraction. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This work was supported by grants from KAKENHI (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B): 16H03258, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C): 18K09424, and Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C): 20K09834) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan.

**Acknowledgments:** We are grateful to the Collaborative Research Resources, School of Medicine, Keio University, for their technical support and reagents.

**Conflicts of Interest:** Hidemasa Torii and Toshihide Kurihara report receiving personal fees from Tsubota Laboratory Inc. outside the submitted work. Outside the submitted work, Kazuo Tsubota reports his position as CEO of Tsubota Laboratory, Inc., a company aimed at developing products for the treatment for myopia. Torii, Kurihara and Tsubota own the unlisted stocks of Tsubota Laboratory. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.
