3.3.6. PSQI Analysis

Table 9 shows the results of a PSQI analysis. The total PSQI score was significantly lower at week 4 after the continuous intake of *Euglena* 3000 mg (5.1 ± 2.0) than in the placebo intake group (7.1 ± 2.6) (*p* = 0.039, Steel's test); at week 12 after the continuous intake of *Euglena* 3000 mg (4.2 ± 2.1) than in the placebo intake group (6.3 ± 2.3) (*p* = 0.026, Steel's test); and after the continuous intake of *Euglena* 1000 mg (4.7 ± 2.1) compared with the placebo intake group (6.3 ± 2.3) (*p* = 0.070, Steel's test). These results sugges<sup>t</sup> that the quality of sleep may improve with the intake of *Euglena.*

**Table 8.** Summary of OSA analysis on Sleepiness on rising, Refreshing, and Sleep length. After accounting for normality, a two-way repeated measure ANOVA was performed. The results showed a session x group interaction (*p* = 0.054, *p* = 0.016, *p* = 0.003) and a main effect of group (*p* = 0.052, *p* = 0.089, *p* = 0.780), therefore, we followed up with post-hoc comparisons using Dunnett's test. Dunnett's test was used for intergroup comparisons of mean values in the placebo group and *Euglena* intake group at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks.



**Table 9.** Analysis of sleep based on PSQI. After accounting for normality, Kruskal–Wallis test was performed. If the Kruskal–Wallis test was significant, the Steel's test was then performed. Steel's test was used for intergroup comparisons of mean values in the placebo group and *Euglena* intake groups at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks.

\* *p* < 0.05, † *p* < 0.1 vs. the placebo intake group. PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

#### 3.3.7. Analysis of Saliva Samples

No significant differences were observed in the salivary cortisol levels.
