*2.1. Materials*

Critical materials and resources used in this study are summarized in Table 1. All other chemicals used were commercially available and of analytical grade. The FAs were re-dissolved with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan) after the solvents were gently evaporated with nitrogen gas on the heat block at 50 ◦C. All experiments were conducted with the same lot of each vector plasmid for URAT1 (URAT1 wild-type in pEGFP-C1) or mock (pEGFP-C1), which were derived from our previous study [15].
