**9. Conclusions**

Jawdat Sa " id's nonviolent reading of the Qur'an and his engagement with the Qur'anic revelation is a paradigmatic case to illustrate the many ways Muslims can engage with the revelation and—in his case—turn it into a tool for nonviolent activism.<sup>21</sup> Leaving aside the question of religious truth, the ideas of Sa " id maybe the heritage of the beginnings of the Syrian resistance before it was turned into violence and part of the heritage of this historical moment to further the development of nonviolent ideas and practices as a legacy for humanity. It is *not* a study on *Syrian* ideas. It is a study on part of the global discussion on nonviolence. Sa " id, e.g., has been lecturing in many countries and to global media.<sup>22</sup> His global approach can be understood by videos on his ideas. Thus, he is a Syrian thinker but not limited to Syria in his worldviews.23

Further analysis of Jawdat Sa " id's thinking and practice will have to identify the sources of his ideas and the difference in presentation in writings, audio–visual presentations, commentaries, and other ways to convey his ideas.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Acknowledgments:** Open Access Funding by the University of Vienna.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The author declares no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

#### **Notes**

