**3. Concluding Remarks**

The need to reimagine and practice nonviolent resistance continues as violent institutions and systems prevail within the global and South African contexts, and as people attempt to oppose this violence through violence of their own.23 These conditions, we expect, will only worsen in the near future, under the impact of global communicative diseases and other challenges related to the climate crisis that deepen and starkly illuminate growing inequalities. Social and economic change is as urgent as economic and technological changes, and thus questions about the best means for change will only intensify. In considering the option of nonviolent resistance, we should be encouraged and empowered by the Guidelines for the Right of Peaceful Assembly24 adopted by the United Nations in July 2020 that strongly reinforce the right to nonviolent assembly and protest as an integral aspect of promoting and strengthening democracy.

We propose that the nonviolent option of social transformation that both Gandhi and Butler put forward is a valuable option, even if it requires patience, hard work, and endurance. It might even seem unfair to expect these virtues, together with self-discipline and self-care, from those who remain precarious and ungrieveable. However, from our righteous anger about the layers of oppression carried by the worst off, all citizens should draw inspiration for this struggle and build alliances with and between marginalized groups and communities. In this respect, social movements should think about building and training "armies of peace" drawn from different sectors of society. Crucially, if we cultivate the social imaginary that Butler and Gandhi both endorse, then both religiously and nonreligiously motivated citizens can together acknowledge the inescapability of our interdependency and on that basis form alliances around radical equality and worldbuilding. Although the struggle is unlikely to be either quick or easy, their proposal of nonviolence shows how thousands of smaller struggles might be envisioned as joining up and taking on a whole new, collaborative character, inspiring all of us (including the authorities) at the level of the social imagination, leading to more lasting and more inclusive social transformation.

**Author Contributions:** Both authors were equally involved with conceptualisation, methodology, writing the draft, as well as review and editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
