*3.1. Participants*

We recruited 17 participants (3 female, 14 male, age: 20–35, M = 25.05, SD = 1.75) who are affiliated with our university to take part in our study. Detailed demographic information appears in Table 2. Before starting our experiment, we asked them to rate (1 = never, 5 = every day) any previous experience with virtual reality using a head-mounted display (M = 2.88, SD = 1.36) and their level (1 = low, 5 = high) of English proficiency (M = 3.47, SD = 1.01).

**Table 2.** Participants' demographic information.

