*Article* **Effects of Nanosilver and Heat Treatment on the Pull-Off Strength of Sealer-Clear Finish in Solid Wood Species**

**Hamid R. Taghiyari 1,\* , Dorina Camelia Ilies <sup>2</sup> , Petar Antov 3,\* , Grama Vasile <sup>2</sup> , Reza Majidinajafabadi <sup>4</sup> and Seng Hua Lee 5,6**


**Abstract:** Pull-off strength is an important property of solid wood, influencing the quality of paints and finishes in the modern furniture industry, as well as in historical furniture and for preservation and restoration of heritage objects. The thermal modification and heat treatment of solid wood have been the most used commercial wood modification techniques over the past decades globally. The effects of heat treatment at two mild temperatures (145 and 185 ◦C) on the pull-off strength of three common solid wood species, i.e., common beech (*Fagus sylvatica* L.), black poplar (*Populus nigra* L.), and silver fir (*Abies alba* Mill.), were studied in the present research work. The specimens were coated with an unpigmented sealer–clear finish based on an organic solvent. The results demonstrated a positive correlation between the density and pull-off strength in the solid wood species. Heat treatment at 145 ◦C resulted in an increase in the pull-off strength in all three species, due to the formation of new bonds in the cell-wall polymers. Thermal degradation of the polymers at 185 ◦C weakened the positive effect of the formation of new bonds, resulting in a largely unchanged pull-off strength in comparison with the control specimens. Impregnation with a silver nano-suspension decreased the pull-off strength in beech specimens. It was concluded that density is the decisive factor in determining the pull-off strength, having a significant positive correlation (R-squared value of 0.89). Heat treatment at lower temperatures is recommended, to increase pull-off strength. Higher temperatures can have a decreasing effect on pull-off strength, due to the thermal degradation of cell-wall polymers.

**Keywords:** coating; heat treatment; nanotechnology; nanosilver; permeability; porous structure; solid wood; thermal modification
