**4. Toxic Effects**

After the body inhales MPs, they enter the lungs along the trachea, enter the blood vessels through migration, and then spread through the circulatory system throughout the body, causing various degrees of toxic effects on the cells, tissues, organs, and systems of the body (Figure 2) [19,68–70].

**Figure 2.** Toxic effects of atmospheric microplastics on different organs and systems.
